燃料电池AIP废气处理方案优选模型研究

对潜艇300 kW燃料电池几种可行的气体处理方案进行了对比分析,并运用模糊综合评判方法建立了方案优选模型.研究表明,应用旋转床吸收器吸收废气中的二氧化碳,并配以相应的水处理系统,将二氧化碳排至舷外的方案是最佳方案.     

铝基水反应金属燃料性能初步研究

提出水反应金属燃料双反应区模型,结合化学反应过程对其进行了热力特性分析,初步研究了铝基水反应金属燃料配方等因素对发动机性能的影响。     

我国界水管理问题的综合分析

界水管理过程中,对于界河（左右岸界河）和国际河流（上下游界河）应明确其不同的主要矛盾,根据我国应对界水问题的基本规则,解决使用和管理中的各种问题。在此基础上,参照地区惯例,积极参与国际条约的制订和完善,以期进一步提高我国界水管理工作的水平。     

一种含氧混合燃料喷雾特性的试验研究

针对柴油和所需的油料方案B20D10（即在柴油中掺混20%生物柴油和10%碳酸二甲酯,Dimethyl-Carbonate,DMC）,在某型重型车辆柴油机高压泵试验台上,采用定容弹和高速摄影技术,研究了掺混生物柴油和DMC后对燃油喷雾特性的影响。结果表明：在不同的背景压力下,燃料B20D10油束的贯穿距离低于柴油,最大降幅达到7.0%,锥角最大增加约15.2%;在非破碎阶段,燃料的贯穿距离与时间呈正比关系;在破碎阶段,贯穿距离与时间的关系为s∝tn,其中n约为0.57。试验结果为建立该混合燃料的喷雾模型,并进行缸内燃烧的数值模拟奠定了基础。     

新疆高校发展留学生教育的SWOT分析

随着经济贸易的全球化,高等教育国际化已经成为当代高等教育发展的必然趋势。留学生教育已经成为衡量高等教育发展状况的重要指标。本文用SWOT分析法剖析新疆高校发展留学生教育所具有的优势、劣势以及面临的机遇和威胁,为新疆高校制定适合本地留学生教育的未来发展战略提供依据,以推动新疆高校留学生教育的快速发展。     

汽油与柴油混合用作柴油机应急燃料的探讨

应急燃料对于提高战时油料保障能力具有重要意义。文章以在-10#军用柴油中掺入90#车用汽油(简称为汽柴混合油)为例,从柴油机燃料应具有的品质性能着手,分析了汽柴混合油作为柴油机应急燃料的可行性。把车用汽油和军用柴油按照不同的比例掺兑,将试验结果与军用柴油的性能要求和美军应急使用指标对某些理化性能的要求相比照, 指出了汽柴混合油作为柴油机燃料的可行性,并提出了建议。     

Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria

Since the July 2009 Boko Haram terrorist outburst in Nigeria, there have been increasing questions on the phenomenon in the country. There has not been any substantial analysis on the emergence of the Boko Haram group and its terrorist activities in Nigeria as the out-rage continues. This study is advanced to explain the phenomenon of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria. It employs the levels of analysis framework popular in the field of international relations to explain the terrorism at three major levels: individual, state and international. The study relies on dependable news reports, which include interviews with key actors relevant to the subject matter, and finds that Boko Haram terrorism has its roots in the ideology and motivations of its founder and members, the failures and deficiencies of the Nigerian state, and the modern trend of religious terrorism in the international system.     

The Power of the NPT: International Norms and Ukraine's Nuclear Disarmament

ABSTRACT

There is a lingering disagreement among scholars on how the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) affects nonproliferation and disarmament outcomes. Drawing on constructivist scholarship on international norms, this article examines the extent of the NPT's effect in the case of Ukraine's nuclear disarmament. In the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse, Ukraine found itself host to the world's third largest nuclear arsenal. Despite Ukraine's initial commitment to become a non-nuclear state, it proceeded along a difficult path toward NPT accession. Most controversial and directly at odds with the NPT was Ukraine's claim to ownership of its nuclear inheritance as a successor state of the Soviet Union. This article argues that, while much domestic discourse about the fate of these nuclear weapons was embedded in the negotiation of Ukraine's new identity as a sovereign state vis-à-vis Russia and the West, the NPT played an important, structural role by outlining a separate normative space for nuclear weapons and providing the grammar of denuclearization with which Ukraine's decision makers had to grapple.     

The Problem of Weak Nuclear States

Governments are increasingly recognizing the problem posed by internally weak nuclear-capable states. The problem, however, is under-theorized. This article brings together literature on sovereignty and international order, the nonproliferation regime, and weak states, and introduces new concepts to provide a more structured understanding of this problem. Insight comes from focusing attention on the function and governance of two nuclear estates (termed the production and operational estates), and on their resilience to decay and disorder occurring within the state and society. Drawing on empirical observation, the authors suggest a typology of weakness in nuclear states, involving state fragmentation typified by the former Soviet Union, the “hard weak state” typified by North Korea, and the internally conflicted state typified by Pakistan. Although these types give rise to distinctive difficulties, their alleviation depends heavily on the maintenance of internal authority within the state and estates, the presence or absence of cooperative relations, and the international regulatory framework's vitality.     

The Importance of Safeguards Culture

International safeguards is the system of measures put in place by the International Atomic Energy Agency and states to ensure nuclear programs remain dedicated to peaceful purposes. This international safeguards system consists of agreements, inspections, and evaluations that have never considered the safeguards culture of a state or facility. Neither a common definition nor an understanding of safeguards culture is internationally recognized. This article provides an analysis of the concept of safeguards culture and gauges its value to the international safeguards community. The authors explore distinctions among safeguards culture, safeguards compliance, and safeguards performance, and suggest possible indicators of safeguards culture and methods to promote a strong, positive safeguards culture.