临近空间武器对预警探测制导技术的挑战

临近空间进攻武器具有速度快、射程远、机动性强的特点,对未来空天安全构成重大威胁.简要综述了国内外临近空间武器的发展现状、主要特点及特性,包括高超声速巡航导弹和高速滑翔弹头两大主要威胁,从预警探测和探测制导的角度,指出了预警探测制导技术在应对临近空间进攻武器上面临的严峻挑战,提出了对其关键技术和技术途径的几点思考.     

Russia,America and missile defense

Russia has sharply objected to US plans for ballistic missile defense. The Russian official explanation is that the real purpose of the US missile defense plan is to make it impossible for Russia to retaliate against a US nuclear (or massive conventional) attack, thus making Russia subject to military blackmail by the US. The Russian response has been the result of a sum total of various factors, mostly political and cultural, while the technical capabilities of the proposed system have played a secondary role.     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

平面内一组线段相对于线光源的可见性

给定平面内一组互不相交的线段 ,将实际光源抽象成有限长度线光源 ,讨论其可见性 ,发现线光源的照射效果等价于线光源两端点的照射效果叠加 ,给出了寻找所有可见边的算法 ,推广了文 [1 ]的结论。     

卫星隐身技术研究进展及发展趋势

卫星隐身技术在空间攻防系统中占有独特的地位,与在地面装甲车辆、舰船、飞机上应用的隐身技术有一定的相似之处,但由于卫星研制条件以及所处的太空环境不同,卫星隐身技术的研究及应用更具有挑战性。基于卫星工程应用,归纳了卫星隐身需求、应用环境等,重点介绍了国际前沿隐身技术,包括雷达隐身手段、红外及可见光隐身手段,同时探讨卫星隐身的技术瓶颈及未来展望,促进隐身技术在卫星上的应用。     

武装直升机微光电视瞄准原理分析

主要就某型武装直升机加装微光电视瞄准系统后,在分析了该系统的关键硬件组成、软件设计、微光电视图像信号的增强技术、控制器设计和信号交联的基础上,研究了夜视设备与机载武器的兼容性问题。即:如何与机载瞄准具进行匹配实现对目标的跟踪瞄准。     

单一流空情生成模型仿真

根据单一流空情的特点,立足贴近实战的要求,分别建立了空袭批数模型、航路生成模型、批次序号模型、类别指数模型、任务指数模型、编队数目模型和干扰模型共7个模型,并且按人工给定航路的方法进行了单一流空情生成的仿真实验,验证了该模型与以往模型相比具有一定的进步性,对防空兵作战仿真系统的开发具有一定的参考价值。     

轻武器寿命可靠性模型研究

为轻武器寿命可靠性评定提供理论依据,运用经典的可靠性理论,将轻武器装备寿命试验归结为可修复系统的有替换定时截尾试验,通过分析某型机枪的寿命试验数据,对母体寿命可能的分布类型作出假设,选择χ2检验法对假设进行拟合优度检验,利用最小二乘法得出对应分布的线性相关系数,通过比较确定母体分布类型,建立了该型机枪寿命的可靠性数学模型,对同类轻武器装备的可靠性指标评定提供了一定的参考。     

How durable is the nuclear weapons taboo?

The nuclear weapons taboo is considered one of the strongest norms in international politics. A prohibition against using nuclear weapons has seemingly shaped state behavior for nearly seven decades and, according to some observers, made nuclear use ‘unthinkable’ today or in the future. Although scholars have shown that nuclear aversion has affected decision-making behavior, important questions about the nuclear taboo remain unanswered. This article seeks to answer a basic question: How durable is the taboo? We develop different predictions about norm durability depending on whether the taboo is based primarily on moral logic or strategic logic. We use the comparable case of the norm against strategic bombing in the 20th century to evaluate these hypotheses. The logic and evidence presented in this paper suggest that the norm of nuclear non-use is much more fragile than most analysts understand.     

无衍射艾里光束的横向自加速特性

无衍射艾里光束的横向自加速特性使得光束在自由空间沿弯曲路径进行传输成为可能。利用一维傍轴波动方程对新型无衍射艾里光束的横向自加速特性进行了仿真研究。研究表明,当入射波长一定时,艾里光束的横向加速度大小与传播距离呈正比关系,而与任意横向尺度的大小呈反比关系。同时,利用波印廷矢量对艾里光束横向自加速的内在机理进行了研究。最后,利用通用型液晶空间光调制器对二维艾里光束的产生和横向自加速特性进行了实验研究,所得结果与仿真计算结果取得了较好的一致性。