Optimal switchover times between two activities utilizing the same resource

The “gold‐mining” decision problem is concerned with the efficient utilization of a delicate mining equipment working in a number of different mines. Richard Bellman was the first to consider this type of a problem. The solution found by Bellman for the finite‐horizon, continuous‐time version of the problem with two mines is not overly realistic since he assumed that fractional parts of the same mining equipment could be used in different mines and this fraction could change instantaneously. In this paper, we provide some extensions to this model in order to produce more operational and realistic solutions. Our first model is concerned with developing an operational policy where the equipment may be switched from one mine to the other at most once during a finite horizon. In the next extension we incorporate a cost component in the objective function and assume that the horizon length is not fixed but it is the second decision variable. Structural properties of the optimal solutions are obtained using nonlinear programming. Each model and its solution is illustrated with a numerical example. The models developed here may have potential applications in other areas including production of items requiring the same machine or choosing a sequence of activities requiring the same resource. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 186–203, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.10008     

通用扩张状态观测器鲁棒飞行控制方法

针对存在参数不确定、外界干扰与测量噪声情况下飞行控制问题，提出一种基于通用扩张状态观测器的鲁棒飞行控制方法。首先基于状态相关的Riccati方程（SDRE）控制方法，对飞行器俯仰通道非线性模型进行扩展线性化；而后引入基于通用扩张状态观测器的控制方法，设计干扰补偿增益，实现对外界干扰的估计与补偿；最后通过在线解算状态相关矩阵及代数黎卡提方程，得出状态反馈增益与干扰补偿增益，实现对飞行器期望攻角的跟踪控制。通过与已有方法进行对比，验证了本文所提方法不仅对系统模型不确定性与外界干扰具有较强鲁棒性，而且在较大测量噪声情况下，其依然能够保证良好的跟踪控制效果，具有较强的工程应用价值。     

一种高效的显式模型检验方法

随着软硬件系统规模和功能的不断扩充,状态空间爆炸问题严重影响了模型检验的进一步发展与应用,成为验证大规模系统的瓶颈.在显式模型检验工具Murphi的基础上,针对其可达状态空间组织存在的问题进行改进,提出了基于整型指针与Fibonacci散列的可达状态空间组织方法,实现了一个高效的显式模型检验原型系统,在确保验证正确的同时有效缩短了验证时间,并能在系统规范不可满足的情况下给出反例,有助于系统设计人员快速定位错误.理论分析和实验结果表明了本方法的有效性.     

“迷狂式”构思状态及成因管窥

具有强烈的思想感情和丰富的想象，是中西方诗歌的共同特点。但由于中西方历史和文化背景等方面的不同，中西方诗歌在许多方面存在差异，中西方诗人构思时的情绪状态也有差异。中国有“虚静说”，西方有“迷狂说”。西方诗人的“迷狂式”构思状态亦有其产生的原因。     

学前儿童交通安全教育的价值探析

对学前儿童进行交通安全教育的直接目的是减少交通事故，保护其生命和身体，同时还具有重要的教育价值。基于教育价值的两个方面即教育的个人价值和社会价值，学前儿童交通安全教育的价值主要体现在对学前儿童的发展价值和以学前儿童为中心扩散开来的延伸价值。发展价值是指交通安全教育促进学前儿童的认知、动作、情意等方面的发展。延伸价值是指学前儿童获得的交通安全知识与意识、规则与行为、尊重与利他等对其成为合格的社会公民是一种自然而然的准备，同时在生态系统理论之下以儿童为中心扩散开来的重要他人、社会相关机构和行业等都会发生相应的改变，将最终有利于社会的进步。     

混沌理论在雷达中的应用

混沌动力学作为一门新学科已经引起了世界各国科学界的重视,是近年来非线性科学领域的热门学科,混沌系统初值的敏感性和两个混沌系统间同步的实现,使得混沌用于保密通信成为可能,海杂波的混沌特性使人们开始探索混沌在雷达中的应用.研究表明,混沌在杂波分析与建模、信号检测、目标识别及伪随机码波形设计等领域内取得了可喜的成果.研究了混沌在雷达中的应用,分析了目前混沌在雷达中的应用现状,预测了未来研究发展的趋势.     

一类非线性控制系统模型的数学分析

采用非线性分析的方法,研究了一类非线性控制系统模型,得到解的整体存在性。     

基于敏感性分析和准稳态假设简化详细反应机理

发展了一套基于敏感性分析和准稳态假设来简化复杂化学动力学机理系统的方法。采用等压均相反应器燃烧模型和详细化学动力学机理计算特定工况下的自燃过程。通过对详细机理计算结果的敏感性分析后删除其中的冗余组分和冗余反应,简化得到基干反应模型。再找出基干机理中反应速率较快,浓度较低的组分假定为稳态组分,使用准稳态假设方法简化得到总包反应模型。最后以甲烷燃烧的GriMech1.2详细机理为例分析得到了简化机理并计算了着火延迟时间,与详细机理所得的结果进行比较验证,得到了较好的结果。     

Optimal service and arrival rates in Jackson queueing networks

In this paper we present an algorithm for solving a class of queueing network design problems. Specifically, we focus on determining both service and arrival rates in an open Jackson network of queueing stations. This class of problems has been widely studied and used in a variety of applications, but not well solved due to the difficulty of the resulting optimization problems. As an example, consider the classic application in computer network design which involves determining the minimum cost line capacities and flow assignments while satisfying a queueing performance measure such as an upper limit on transmission delay. Other application areas requiring the selection of both service and arrival rates in a network of queues include the design of communication, manufacturing, and health care systems. These applications yield optimization problems that are difficult to solve because typically they are nonconvex, which means they may have many locally optimal solutions that are not necessarily globally optimal. Therefore, to obtain a globally optimal solution, we develop an efficient branch and bound algorithm that takes advantage of the problem structure. Computational testing on randomly generated problems and actual problems from a health care organization indicate that the algorithm is able to solve realistic sized problems in reasonable computing time on a laptop computer. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 1–17, 2000     

线性离散系统全阶比例积分观测器设计研究

针对线性离散系统 ,研究了状态方程和测量方程均包含未知输入干扰的状态估计问题 ,提出了一种新的状态观测器 (全阶比例积分观测器 )的设计方法。给出了这种观测器的存在条件。仿真结果显示了全阶比例积分观测器的良好性能。