飞船再入制导最佳反馈增益系数规律

为了获取基于标准轨道返回舱再入纵向制导的最佳反馈增益系数 ,建立了纵平面运动方程 ,推导了对应于纵向制导规律的摄动微分方程。根据Pontryagin极小值原理 ,给出了最优反馈控制律 ,求解Riccati方程 ,即可得到最佳反馈增益系数。考虑到实现的可行性 ,将时变的增益系数逼近成常数或分段常数 ,得到次优反馈增益系数 ,取得了满意的制导效果。     

三组元液体火箭发动机实现单级入轨的优化分析

建立了三组元液体火箭发动机性能计算模型、单级入轨可重复使用运载器质量模型和弹道模型,以起飞质量为目标函数,优化得到了实现单级入轨的发动机基本参数。结果显示:三组元发动机性能比氢氧发动机高10%。本研究是三组元发动机系统设计和分析的基础。     

截尾序贯验后加权检验截尾点的优化设计

选取截尾点是截尾序贯验后加权检验很关键的一步,目前理论上尚无有效的选取方法。本文用优化技术确定截尾点Ｃ,克服了实践中确定停时Ｎ和截尾点Ｃ遇到的计算困难,避免了一般取Ｃ＝１的盲目性,使截尾点Ｃ的选取有了理论根据。优选的截尾点不仅使双方承担的风险之和最小,而且使双方承担的风险值相对合理,易于接受。     

同轴离心式喷嘴两相喷雾浓度场理论计算模型

提出了模拟两相喷雾流场的液滴湍流弥散过程的模型。该模型采用了轨道扩散模型的基本思想,把液雾尺寸分布按液滴直径分成有限尺寸组,每组液滴都追随各自的平均轨道。计算平均轨道时每组液滴就像一个液滴的行为。与随机轨道模型不同的是本模型考虑同一组内的液滴在流场中的湍流扩散,认为每一液滴尺寸组中的液滴以其平均轨道为中心有一个高斯分布。     

Dynamic learning,pricing, and ordering by a censored newsvendor

We address the problem of determining optimal ordering and pricing policies in a finite‐horizon newsvendor model with unobservable lost sales. The demand distribution is price‐dependent and involves unknown parameters. We consider both the cases of perishable and nonperishable inventory. A very general class of demand functions is studied in this paper. We derive the optimal ordering and pricing policies as unique functions of the stocking factor (which is a linear transformation of the safety factor). An important expression is obtained for the marginal expected value of information. As a consequence, we show when lost sales are unobservable, with perishable inventory the optimal stocking factor is always at least as large as the one given by the single‐period model; however, if inventory is nonperishable, this result holds only under a strong condition. This expression also helps to explain why the optimal stocking factor of a period may not increase with the length of the problem. We compare this behavior with that of a full information model. We further examine the implications of the results to the special cases when demand uncertainty is described by additive and multiplicative models. For the additive case, we show that if demand is censored, the optimal policy is to order more as well as charge higher retail prices when compared to the policies in the single‐period model and the full information model. We also compare the optimal and myopic policies for the additive and multiplicative models. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

织女一号气象火箭设计中的若干技术

织女一号气象火箭是一种小型无控固体火箭,由于采用了若干先进的技术,使其总体性能达到了国际先进水平。本文介绍了其总体性能,重点介绍了总体方案设计中采用的包括最优推力程序等若干先进技术。     

改进分块局部最佳维纳滤波算法的干涉相位滤波

针对合成孔径雷达干涉相位滤波问题,提出了一种改进的分块局部最佳维纳滤波算法。该算法是加性高斯白噪声下的线性最小均方误差估计,利用目前图像滤波最前沿的技术——非局部技术,来联合估计图像的一、二阶矩。针对干涉相位中噪声的空变性,在应用中提出了两点改进:估计噪声的标准差时,用均值代替中值;根据噪声标准差的最大值和均值的比值,自适应地确定类的数量。仿真和实测数据表明,改进后的分块局部最佳维纳滤波算法是有效的,并优于其他三种算法。     

基于逐步后退法的车辆半侧液压主动悬挂最优控制设计与仿真

建立了充分考虑液压装置动力学特性的车辆半侧非线性主动悬挂模型,并提出了线性二次型最优控制与非线性逐步后退法相结合的内外环控制方案。首先根据目标需求在外环设计二次型指标下的最优控制器;然后在内环利用逐步后退法处理因液压装置引入的非线性项。仿真结果表明,使用该设计方案的主动悬挂可以获得比被动悬挂优越的车辆性能。     

航天器交会中的多圈Lambert问题研究

针对大椭圆轨道追踪器固定时间直接碰撞交会问题,介绍了一种快速确定多圈Lambert问题最优解的新方法。研究了多圈Lambert转移解,分析了转移时间与转移轨道参数的关系;研究了无时间约束最优直接碰撞交会及其必要条件。仿真表明:最优解快速确定方法有效、可行,并可提高计算效率。     

Dynamic routing of prioritized warranty repairs

Recent years have seen a strong trend toward outsourcing warranty repair services to outside vendors. In this article we consider the problem of dynamically routing warranty repairs to service vendors when warranties have priority levels. Each time an item under warranty fails, it is sent to one of the vendors for repair. Items covered by higher priority warranty receive higher priority in repair service. The manufacturer pays a fixed fee per repair and incurs a linear holding cost while an item is undergoing or waiting for repair. The objective is to minimize the manufacturer's long‐run average cost. Because of the complexity of the problem, it is very unlikely that there exist tractable ways to find the optimal routing strategies. Therefore, we propose five heuristic routing procedures that are applicable to real‐life problems. We evaluate the heuristics using simulation. The simulation results show that the index‐based “generalized join the shortest queue” policy, which applies a single policy improvement step to an initial state‐independent policy, performs the best among all five heuristics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008