基于改进PLOW算法的干涉相位滤波

针对合成孔径雷达干涉相位滤波问题,提出了一种改进的分块局部最佳维纳滤波算法（Patch-based Locally Optimal Wiener, PLOW）。该算法是加性高斯白噪声下的线性最小均方误差估计（Linear Minimum Mean Square Estimation, LMMSE）,利用目前图像滤波最前沿的技术——非局部技术,来联合估计图像的一、二阶矩。针对干涉相位中噪声的空变性,在应用中提出了两点改进：首先,估计噪声的标准差时,用均值代替中值;其次,根据噪声标准差的最大值和均值的比值,自适应的确定类的数量。经过仿真和实测数据验证,改进后的PLOW算法是有效的,并优于其他三种算法。     

一种新的小波域维纳滤波图像去噪算法

针对传统小波去噪和维纳滤波存在的不足,提出了一种新的小波域维纳滤波图像去噪算法。首先,对含噪图像进行小波分解,依靠对角细节子带小波系数对噪声方差进行估计;然后,引入噪声方差修正因子,并根据不同子带小波系数的统计特性,在低频子带和高频子带分别选择合适的维纳滤波模板尺寸,使维纳滤波在对小波系数进行滤波处理时具备了更加精确的噪声方差估计和更加合理的滤波模板尺寸;最后,对维纳滤波处理后的小波系数进行小波重构,获得了去噪后的图像。试验结果表明:该算法兼具小波去噪的多分辨率分析特性和维纳滤波的自适应特性,能有效提高去噪后图像峰值信噪比,去噪效果优于小波去噪和维纳滤波。     

基于中值排序的自适应加权均值滤波算法

分析了MTM算法的原理、优点和不足，并提出了一种改进的自适应加权均值滤波算法。该算法基于中值排序自适应地确定加权系数，完成对含噪图像的均值滤波。实验证明，算法能较好地滤除高斯噪声和脉冲噪声，且滤波效果优于传统的中值滤波和MTM滤波，是一种简单、实用的图像滤波算法。     

改进自适应中值滤波算法在图像去噪中的应用

传统自适应中值滤波算法不能根据图像噪声浓度自适应改变最大最小窗口尺寸,并且噪声浓度较高时,算法的执行效率会显著降低。针对上述问题,提出了一种改进自适应中值滤波算法。该算法的主要思想是通过估计图像的噪声污染浓度,建立噪声浓度与窗口尺寸的函数映射关系,确定最大最小窗口尺寸。针对传统自适应中值滤波算法运行时间较长的问题,提出了基于分治法的思想快速确定滤波窗口中图像灰度的最大最小值和中值。从实验结果来看,该算法提供了最大最小窗口尺寸设置的依据,在获得相同滤波效果的同时比传统自适应中值滤波算法执行效率更高。     

典型的红外图像背景抑制滤波算法研究

从红外图像的产生过程及原理,红外图像的特点,红外图像背景、目标和噪声的特征以及红外图像的数学描述等方面对红外图像进行特征分析。针对不同背景的红外图像特点,研究了中值滤波算法、维纳滤波算法、巴特沃斯高通滤波算法、基于Top-hat算子的滤波算法。通过软件编程,实现了针对不同背景的红外图像的4种滤波功能,并对所处理后的图像开展了滤波效果的评价研究。     

结合局部描述和拓扑约束的直线段匹配算法

针对弱纹理目标匹配问题,提出了一种基于直线局部邻域梯度信息和全局结构信息的直线匹配算法:对均值标准差直线描述符进行改进用于初始匹配;利用直线间的全局拓扑结构滤除误匹配;利用迭代拓扑滤波寻找更多的匹配,同时引入全局角度约束提高算法效率并进一步滤除错误匹配。实验表明,在光照变化、图像旋转、图像模糊、尺度变换、视点变化等条件下,该方法都具有很强的鲁棒性,并在匹配效率和准确度上优于现有的两种比较流行的方法。     

基于LOG算子的激光雷达图象边缘检测算法改进

针对LOG算子的不足之处,提出了一种激光雷达图像的边缘检测改进LOG算子算法:用二维自适应Wiener滤波代替Gaussian滤波。仿真结果表明:对于含有高斯噪声和乘性噪声的激光雷达图像,该算法能够有效提高LOG算子的边缘检测能力。     

基于改进噪声检测的迭代中值滤波算法

提出了一种基于改进噪声检测的迭代中值滤波算法。该算法首先检测出噪声点,然后利用信号点对噪声点滤波。其中噪声检测方法改进了IMFLED方法,进一步降低了误检率和漏检率。经过仿真实验并与其他滤波算法进行比较表明,该算法可以有效地去除图像中的脉冲噪声并且保留原图像的细节。     

一种纯方位跟踪中的自适应滤波算法

针对纯方位被动目标跟踪中扩展卡尔曼滤波算法易发散的不足,提出了一种自适应的改进算法。该算法利用极大后验噪声估计器Sage-Husa对虚拟观测噪声进行实时在线估计,动态补偿线性化带来的误差。算法的对比仿真分析结果表明,AEKF较之EKF滤波效果有所改善,增强了稳定性,提高了精度,为水下纯方位被动目标跟踪的实现提供一种新的方法。     

基于改进的相干法的InSAS三维地形生成方法

提出了一种利用时延测距进行干涉合成孔径声纳(InSAS)数字高程模型(DEM)重建的方法。重点研究了采用相干系数估计两幅合成孔径图像的时延,并利用插值和相位修正提高时延估计精度的方法。分析了时延估计过程中可能出现的时延跳变情况,并给出了解决办法。采用仿真数据和干涉合成孔径声纳样机实测数据对所提方法进行了验证,结果表明:该方法是有效的,能够获得可靠的高程结果。相比传统的干涉处理方法,该方法避免了图像配准、相位滤波、解卷等步骤,实现起来更加简便。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.