高速行进坦克身管速度对射击精度影响

坦克在高速行进时,由于路面谱等外部激励的影响,车体姿态和运动状态都会发生变化。由于车体的振动和随动系统的控制误差等,致使坦克火炮在射击时身管前端存在一定的速度扰动。原有解命中问题的条件中未考虑这一速度扰动的影响,使得坦克在高速行进条件下的目标提前点预测产生误差。通过建立外弹道模型,较准确地仿真分析了这一误差的大小和对射击精度的影响。     

某型转管航炮对空中目标射击命中概率分析

研究了影响航炮射击的误差因素,对误差的构成及其分布特性进行了分析。研究目标在命中平面上的投影面积,得出目标投影面积的计算方法,并进行了等效简化。在此基础上,计算航炮对空中目标射击的单发命中概率和连发数为k时的命中概率。利用MATLAB编写程序求解航炮射击命中概率,以某型六管航炮为例对其在不同射速条件下对目标的命中概率进行了数值计算,为航炮的作战使用提供参考。     

基于案例推理的装甲装备故障排除方法

针对装备维修对实践经验的依赖以及经验的隐性化特点,重点对故障案例的表示及案例库组织进行研究,奠定案例检索的基础,优化基于案例推理的装甲装备故障排除方法。     

一种单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准方法

在晃动条件下,需要延长粗对准时间来提高粗对准精度。否则,无法把方位误差控制在小角度范围内,从而导致后续的精对准无法快速收敛。针对这个问题,提出了一种利用逆向导航技术的单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准方法,最大限度地延长粗对准时间,并把采样数据存储下来,进行逆向精对准。这种算法充分地利用了对准数据,在固定对准时间内极大程度的提高了对准精度。试验证明,这种算法计算量小,算法简单,能实现单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准,且对准精度高,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

多旋翼无人机AHRS系统矢量乘积误差PI跟踪算法

针对多旋翼无人机对低成本姿态航向参考系统的实际需求,设计并实现了一种姿态航向参考系统。该系统采用陀螺仪积分出的载体姿态和已知的地球重力矢量,解算出地球重力矢量在载体系下的投影和加速度计测量出的地球重力矢量的矢量乘积结果作为水平姿态角的误差表征数值,并采用比例积分跟踪算法进行误差跟踪反馈,实现了准确的水平姿态角跟踪测量。利用陀螺仪积分出的姿态和已知的地球磁场信息,解出地球磁场矢量在载体系下的投影与磁力计测量的地球磁场矢量乘积结果作为航向误差角的误差表征数值,并采用比例积分跟踪算法进行误差跟踪反馈实现了对航向角的跟踪。转台实验表明:该系统水平姿态角跟踪精度约为1°,与EKF算法相比,运算速度提升了80%且精度好于EKF算法。     

极区格网导航在大圆航行中的应用

为了克服因极区地理经线快速收敛而产生的惯导系统无法准确定位的难题,对极区格网导航在大圆航行中的应用进行了研究,提出将过大圆顶点的子午线作为格网北的极区格网导航方法,根据格网北进行了航向推算,分别对大圆顶点相对于大圆端点对称的特殊情况以及大圆顶点相对于大圆端点非对称的常规情况进行了航向推算,并分析了航向误差产生的原因。理论分析证明该方法能够为船舶高纬度航行提供准确的位置信息。     

Book review

La Conversion économique du secteur militaire, J. FONTANEL, Economica, Paris, 1994, pp. 112. Paperback. ISBN 2–7178–2650–5.     

Revisiting the Defense–Growth nexus in European countries

This study revisits the long run and dynamic causal linkages between defense spending and economic growth in 15 selected European countries for the period 1988–2010 by utilizing recent developments in non-stationary panel data analysis. To this end, the series properties of per capita defense spending, per capita real capita stocks, and per capita real GDP are investigated by the panel unit root tests with and without breaks that support evidence on unit root. The panel cointegration tests with and without breaks are also subsequently employed to investigate whether there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between these three variables. Finally, our causality analysis from panel vector error-correction model suggests that there is a feedback relation between real capital stock and real GDP in both short and long run, a one-way Granger causality running from real GDP to defense spending in both short and long run, and defense spending only Granger causes real capital stock in the long run.     

Sequential learning versus no learning in Bayesian regression models

We consider two regression models: linear and logistic. The dependent variable is observed periodically and in each period a Bayesian formulation is used to generate updated forecasts of the dependent variable as new data is observed. One would expect that including new data in the Bayesian updates results in improved forecasts over not including the new data. Our findings indicate that this is not always true. We show there exists a subset of the independent variable space that we call the “region of no learning.” If the independent variable values for a given period in the future are in this region, then the forecast does not change with any new data. Moreover, if the independent variable values are in a neighborhood of the region of no learning, then there may be little benefit to wait for the new data and update the forecast. We propose a statistical approach to characterize this neighborhood which we call the “region of little learning.” Our results provide insights into the trade‐offs that exist in situations when the decision maker has an incentive to make an early decision based on an early forecast versus waiting to make a later decision based on an updated forecast. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 532–548, 2014     

基于接收机钟差约束的地基伪卫星导航改进方法

采用地基伪卫星对飞行器进行导航时,由于布站场地有限不可避免地会出现定位构型差的情况,当仅用伪距和伪距变率进行定位定速时,若采用典型的单历元卫星定位定速算法,那么对飞行器的定位定速精度就会比较差。通过分析发现,地基伪卫星导航系统用户接收机钟差和钟差变率的求取不准确很大程度上影响了定位定速精度。针对这种情况,提出了通过提高地基伪卫星接收机钟差和钟差变率的求解精度来提高定位定速精度的方法。首先根据接收机钟差和钟差变率的模型得到它们的观测方程,然后将其加入到单历元定位定速方程组中参与定位定速解算,仿真结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。