Rethinking strategic culture: A computational (social science) discursive-institutionalist approach

ABSTRACT

The strategic culture approach has been suffering from a prolonged theoretical stalemate, despite a surge in case studies, which culminated in the Johnston-Gray debate and subsequent schism. The present paper outlines a new approach designed to overcome this deadlock, and consists of three arguments. First, the three previous generations of strategic culture studies have failed to explain how strategic culture influences behaviour. Second, aligning strategic culture theory-building with discursive institutionalism offers a way to overcome this fundamental fallacy. Third, a research programme for strategic culture should draw on computational social science to enable it to present and test middle-range theories.     

大型船舶空气尾流场防治新技术的数值模拟

大型船舶空气尾流场对海上飞机安全降落有重要的影响,因此对其进行有效防治技术研究在保障飞机安全、大型船舶海上活动等方面有重要意义。采用计算流体力学方法开展大型船舶空气尾流场特性及其防治技术的数值模拟研究,以带有Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型的Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes方程构建模拟平台开展数值模拟,得到大型船舶空气尾流场规律特性。在此基础上,提出主动补气防治新技术,分别阐述其理论基础、核心方法和技术方案;根据主动补气防治技术思想和理论,进一步开展数值模拟验证研究。结果表明,该技术能显著改善空气尾流场的流场品质,使流场趋于平稳均匀,减小对飞机海上降落的影响。该技术进一步完善了可实现工程应用,并保证飞机海上降落安全,有巨大的应用潜力。     

石墨烯电声换能器的设计与对比

为了使石墨烯电声换能器获得最优性能，主要针对石墨烯热致发声器件和静电式发声器件进行了发声机理研究，通过理论建模和分析，得到了薄膜尺寸、厚度以及应力等结构参数对两种电声换能器的频率响应特性的影响规律。通过微纳加工制造方法设计和制备了一批不同结构参数下的电声换能器，并对这些器件进行了性能测试和对比分析，结果表明：薄膜厚度对热致电声换能器发声声压影响显著，即薄膜越薄，该电声换能器的发声声压越大；薄膜半径、厚度和应力对静电式电声换能器的频带影响较大，即薄膜半径越大，厚度越薄，应力越小，该电声换能器频带越宽。以上研究为优化选取石墨烯电声换能器的类型，优化设计结构参数，提升器件发声性能奠定了基础。     

Operations planning revisited: theoretical and practical implications of methodology

Parts of NATO’s contemporary planning framework called the comprehensive operations planning directive (COPD), and parts of the operation-level planning process should be revised since they suffer from methodological inconsistency. This claim is defended by discussing contradicting methodological properties and heuristics applied when framing and managing a military problem in accordance with the COPD. The methodological inconsistency within the COPD; in other words, simultaneously applying contradictory methodological properties, implies one theoretical and three practical implications. The theoretical implication is summarised in a meta-theoretical framework and explained by discussing five methodological properties: non-linearity, emergence, independently changeable generalisations, invariance and boundaries. The three practical implications of methodology imply that methodology is guiding: the problem-frame, conceptual development and action. To improve military planners’ understanding and management of these four identified implications, NATO is recommended to develop a “handbook of methodology.” The purpose of such a handbook should be to emphasise the utility of methodology when planning military operations.     

Effect of microstructure on short pulse duration shock initiation of TATB and initial response mechanism

Micro-TATB particles with different sizes and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures with different specific surface areas were prepared through recrystallization to study short pulse duration shock initiation properties by electric gun technology. For micro-TATB, the initiation threshold significantly decreases with TATB average size ranging from 79.7 μm to 0.5 μm. For 3D nanoporous TATB architecture, the initiation threshold decreases and then increases with specific surface areas increased from 9.6 m²/g to 36.2 m²/g. The lowest initiation thresholds are obtained for the micro-TATB with average sizes of 1.3 μm and 0.5 μm, and 3D nanoporous TATB architecture with specific surface area of 22.4 m²/g. The shock initiation thresholds of micro-TATB and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures show significantly decreases with the porosity increased. The decomposition reaction and thermal conductivity properties were further investigated to understand the initial response mechanism. High porosity provides more collapse sites to generate high temperature for formation of hot spots. The low thermal conductivity and decomposition temperature could enhance the formation and ignition of the hot spots, and initial decomposition reaction of TATB. The effect of the decomposition temperature is higher than that of the thermal conductivity on the shock initiation properties. The enhanced decomposition reaction could promote energy release and transfer process from the ignition to the combustion. This work offers a new insight to understand the effects of microstructure on the shock initiation properties and the initial response mechanism of TATB.     

水面舰艇发射鱼雷初期弹道优化研究

为了给水面舰艇发射鱼雷提供一定的理论可行性依据,以保证鱼雷的有效使用,减少试验次数和损失。利用动量定理和动量矩定理建立水面舰艇发射鱼雷初期弹道的数学模型。用Runge-Kutta法对鱼雷初期弹道进行仿真,并根据仿真结果分析了各种因素对鱼雷初期弹道的影响,从而得出水面舰艇发射鱼雷时各参数的最优值。     

装备工作TRD方法论研究

在分析装备工作复杂性特点的基础上，提出了从事装备工作需要树立系统、活动、体系、部队和设计等5个观念，构建了用于装备工作的“任务-规律-设计”方法论，设计了从事装备工作的一般逻辑步骤，讨论了该方法论的特点、运用原则及方法体系，并以装备采购工作中货源选择工作为例，验证了该方法论的实用性。     

表面类裂纹缺陷与地磁场相对空间位置对漏磁场检测的影响

采用低频电磁场的有限元单元分析方法，分析铁磁性金属零件表面类裂纹缺陷与地磁场的空间相对位置变化对缺陷处漏磁场的影响，并通过试验进行了验证。结果表明：相对空间位置对漏磁场强度值影响较大，但对漏磁场强度曲线的变化特征影响不大。当缺陷与地磁场磁力线相互垂直时，漏磁场强度值最大；当缺陷与地磁场磁力线平行时，漏磁场强度值最小。这表明当采用漏磁场检测方法进行无损探伤时，零件的空间方向可能会影响探伤结果。     

空对地导弹的变结构三维导引律(英文)

推导了空对地导弹的三维导引律模型,并设计了针对机动目标的变结构导引律,分析了其制导特性.设计的导引律由于需要的目标信息少,可以便利地应用于实际工程中,数字仿真结果证实了设计的导引律的可行性.     

多目标灰关联决策的典型水面舰艇反潜性能评估

水面舰艇反潜武器系统具有综合功能强、战技性能指标多的特点,许多指标模糊性、相对性较强,必须寻求一种能对武器系统战技技能进行有效评估的方法,采用多目标灰关联决策的方法对水面舰艇反潜武器系统战技技能进行评估.首先根据灰色系统理论建立了多目标灰关联决策模型,其次以灰色关联度为基本依据构造出水面舰艇反潜武器战技性能评估指数,最后根据所建立的模型对5种典型水面舰艇的反潜性能进行了综合评估.