A generic model of motor‐carrier fuel optimization

Fuel optimizers are decision models (software products) that are increasingly recognized as effective fuel management tools by U.S. truckload carriers. Using the latest price data of every truck stop, these models calculate the optimal fueling schedule for each route that indicates: (i) which truck stop(s) to use, and (ii) how much fuel to buy at the chosen truck stop(s) to minimize the refueling cost. In the current form, however, these models minimize only the fuel cost, and ignore or underestimate other costs that are affected by the models' decision variables. On the basis of the interviews with carrier managers, truck drivers, and fuel‐optimizer vendors, this article proposes a comprehensive model of motor‐carrier fuel optimization that considers all of the costs that are affected by the model's decision variables. Simulation results imply that the proposed model not only attains lower vehicle operating costs than the commercial fuel optimizers, but also gives solutions that are more desirable from the drivers' viewpoint. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

基于循环子空间理论的线性系统测试矩阵优化

研究了线性定常系统在循环指数大于1(即其约当标准形不同的约当块有重根)的情况下测试矩阵的优化方法.以循环子空间相关定理的证明为基础,根据根向量链的相关特性,得到了测试向量的线性和与系统观测性的直接关系,给出了在保证系统可观测性的同时,使得测试代价最小的测试矩阵优化方法.算例表明,提出的方法简单直观,对配置测试向量具有良好的工程价值.     

装备研制中技术风险的灰色综合评估

指出装备研制中技术风险的表现形式,建立了技术风险评估的指标体系,阐述了基于灰类白化权函数将定性指标定量化的方法,建立了利用群灰关联度进行综合评估的模型。最后,结合实例验证说明了该模型对研制方案技术风险评估的可用性。     

古建筑火灾风险评估

我国古建筑众多,而其又具有自身独特的建筑特点和消防安全特性,结合当前古建筑消防安全形势,探讨火灾风险评估技术在古建筑安全保护工作中的应用问题,从而为管理和改进古建筑火灾防治工作提供参考和依据。     

关于对“城市火灾风险与灭火救援力量”评估的探讨

加强政府对消防工作的科学决策,编制“城市火灾风险与灭火救援力量”方案是落实科学发展观的具体举措。围绕进一步规范“城市火灾风险与灭火救援力量”的评估工作,从火灾形势、消防力量、公共消防设施建设、消防工作社会化、公民消防素质教育等方面提出开展评估的具体办法,并从机构设定、评估定位、工作原则和程序等方面就公共消防安全评估机制建设提出建议。     

武器装备体系建设风险分析及评估模型研究

分析了武器装备体系建设风险的内涵及特点,在此基础上构建了武器装备体系建设风险模型,并运用风险矩阵和网络层次分析法对武器装备体系建设风险模型进行分析,通过算例验证了模型的可行性,为制定科学合理的武器装备体系建设风险管理提供了依据。     

复合成本计算中合理设定复合元数问题研究

从合理性和科学性角度对复合成本计算过程中复合元数的设定进行了评价。运用模糊数学方法建立了评价矩阵,通过模糊合成使评价结果更加切合实际,解决了企业成本管理中复合元数判断的模糊性和不确定性问题,避免了复合成本计算过程中因复合元数设定不经济或简单化而出现的功能过剩或功能不足的现象出现。     

一种无人战斗机系统使用保障费用分析方法

基于无人战斗机系统在使用保障上的特点,通过对有人战斗机使用保障费用模型进行合理改造,使其能适用于无人战斗机的使用保障费用分析。经过改造的模型具有结构清晰、概念明确的特点。适合在飞机总体设计阶段用于全寿命周期的费用估算以及飞机的费效分析和综合优化设计。通过与有人战斗机的使用保障费用进行对比计算表明,无人战斗机系统的使用保障费用具有明显的经济优势。     

Determination of burn‐in parameters and residual life for highly reliable products

Today, many products are designed and manufactured to function for a long period of time before they fail. Determining product reliability is a great challenge to manufacturers of highly reliable products with only a relatively short period of time available for internal life testing. In particular, it may be difficult to determine optimal burn‐in parameters and characterize the residual life distribution. A promising alternative is to use data on a quality characteristic (QC) whose degradation over time can be related to product failure. Typically, product failure corresponds to the first passage time of the degradation path beyond a critical value. If degradation paths can be modeled properly, one can predict failure time and determine the life distribution without actually observing failures. In this paper, we first use a Wiener process to describe the continuous degradation path of the quality characteristic of the product. A Wiener process allows nonconstant variance and nonzero correlation among data collected at different time points. We propose a decision rule for classifying a unit as normal or weak, and give an economic model for determining the optimal termination time and other parameters of a burn‐in test. Next, we propose a method for assessing the product's lifetime distribution of the passed units. The proposed methodologies are all based only on the product's initial observed degradation data. Finally, an example of an electronic product, namely contact image scanner (CIS), is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

基于地理信息系统的城市火灾危险评价

选用单位面积火灾损失、人口密度、建筑密度、路网密度和消防力量建立城市火灾危险预测与评估的统计模型。结合数字城市的基本思想 ,论述基于地理信息系统识别和定量评价火灾危险的技术方法。在ARCVIEW空间分析技术支持下 ,建立城市火灾危险区域划分的技术流程