Counterinsurgency American style: Considering David Petraeus and twenty-first century irregular war

This article examines the complex legacy of David Petraeus who was a key figure in the emergence of the US military shift towards counterinsurgency doctrine in the years after 2006. Although Petraeus has been perceived by critics as a publicity seeker, he can be credited with laying the foundations for a more serious commitment to COIN involving in particular in integrating conventional and Special Forces in arenas like village stability operations. The article looks a Petraeus's role in both Iraq and Afghanistan: it concludes that, in the case of Afghanistan, it is too early to assess whether counterinsurgency has had a decisive impact of the outcome of the war against the Taliban.     

光学显微结核杆菌图像的区域分割算法

为提高结核杆菌目标的分割精度,提出了一种区域级的光学显微结核杆菌图像分割算法。通过顶帽—底帽变换增强彩色图像对比度,融合图像局部特征和全局信息计算图像梯度,利用分水岭算法实现对图像的初始分割;对分割区域采用相邻区域最大相似度准则进行合并,从而得到完整的目标区域;根据结核杆菌图像的特点,通过分析结核杆菌目标区域的颜色特性,采用多阈值分割的方法滤除区域中的杂质,实现对结核杆菌目标的分割。实验结果表明,可以分割出目标对比度低以及饱和度过低的结核杆菌目标,并且对不同染色背景的图像均能取得较好的分割结果。     

基于旋量方法的高超声速飞行器三维非线性伪最优制导律设计

针对高超声速飞行器制导过程中的通道耦合问题,设计一种基于旋量方法的三维非线性伪最优制导律。引入角度矢量、视线旋量、视线旋量速度等概念,通过等价性证明,得出视线旋量、视线旋量速度控制分别与视线方位、视线角速度控制具有一致性的结论,从而将制导问题转化为视线旋量和旋量速度的控制问题;基于旋量方法构建弹目视线旋量、视线旋量速度模型,构建得到飞行器制导的三维非线性模型;为避免直接求解Riccati微分方程过程的复杂性,引入伪控制变量,将三维非线性制导模型转化为线性制导模型;分别针对无终端约束和有终端约束情况,基于二次型最优方法得到三维非线性伪最优制导律。该制导律避免了通道解耦,其制导参数又满足一定物理意义下的最优性。仿真结果验证了所设计制导律的有效性。     

考虑弹体动态特性的机动效率约束导引律

针对考虑交会角和过载约束导引律在大机动时能量损失大的问题,提出一种考虑导弹机动效率的多约束制导律。应用最优二次型原理推导出考虑一阶弹体延迟的时变导引系数闭环次优制导形式,将导弹机动时刻阻力系数引入时变权系数,并通过迭代确定机动效率约束边界。将时变约束表示成剩余时间与弹体延迟时间的函数,代入制导指令,进行弹道仿真。结果表明,对于常值与机动目标,文中制导律与过载约束导引律同只考虑交会角约束的导引律相比,对目标均能实现末端弹道成型要求,而考虑机动效率的制导指令分配更为合理,在避免指令加速度饱和的同时有效降低了拦截末端速度损耗,提高制导精度与毁伤效果。且该制导律中时变权系数无须配平求解,在保证精度的同时极大地提高了迭代速度。     

连续求解样本协方差矩阵迹的快速递推算法

为解决当样本数据不断增加时,利用传统方法反复计算样本协方差迹耗时多的缺点,提出了一种快速递推算法。理论分析和仿真试验都表明,算法的时间复杂度比传统的方法降低了一个数量级,从而大大减少了计算时间。     

Stochastic scheduling subject to machine breakdowns: The preemptive‐repeat model with discounted reward and other criteria

We consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single machine subject to random breakdowns. We focus on the preemptive‐repeat model, which addresses the situation where, if a machine breaks down during the processing of a job, the work done on the job prior to the breakdown is lost and the job will have to be started from the beginning again when the machine resumes its work. We allow that (i) the uptimes and downtimes of the machine follow general probability distributions, (ii) the breakdown process of the machine depends upon the job being processed, (iii) the processing times of the jobs are random variables following arbitrary distributions, and (iv) after a breakdown, the processing time of a job may either remain a same but unknown amount, or be resampled according to its probability distribution. We first derive the optimal policy for a class of problems under the criterion to maximize the expected discounted reward earned from completing all jobs. The result is then applied to further obtain the optimal policies for other due date‐related criteria. We also discuss a method to compute the moments and probability distributions of job completion times by using their Laplace transforms, which can convert a general stochastic scheduling problem to its deterministic equivalent. The weighted squared flowtime problem and the maintenance checkup and repair problem are analyzed as applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

一种新的数组逻辑结构猜想方法

许多编译优化技术都依赖于数组的逻辑结构,然而在实际的应用中,有相当多的数组是无结构的一维数组,从而妨碍了编译器的优化工作。提出了一种新的数组逻辑结构猜想算法,它能将无结构的一维数组自动变换成具有多维逻辑结构的数组,从而使编译器的优化工作成为可能。首先给出一个引理,指出猜想后的多维数组应满足的基本性质,然后基于该引理给出了猜想数组的逻辑结构应遵循的两条基本规则,最后基于这两条基本规则给出了猜想数组逻辑结构的算法。实验结果验证了所提出的数组逻辑结构猜想算法的有效性。     

基于Grobner基与合冲模方法的M－带对称正交小波设计

通过引入计算代数中Grobner基以及合冲模的相关算法,提出对多相位矩阵进行正交化,从而得到了同时具有对称性和任意正则阶的M-带正交小波的高效设计方法。与现有方法相比,克服了构造过程复杂以及不能保持线性相位的缺陷。     

一种新的高分辨率ADC有效位数测试方法

谱分析法和正弦拟合法是ADC动态特性测试的两种常用方法。但在测试信号源信噪比较低的情况下,两种方法的测试结果都存在较大的偏差。提出了一种新的ADC动态性能测试方法,该方法能较好消除信号源对测量结果的影响,使得在普通信号源下可以测试高分辨率的ADC。仿真分析证明了这一测试方法的正确性。最后给出了采用该方法对一ADC系统的实测结果。     

基于语音频谱包络抽取的MFCC算法

MFCC可以更加准确地表示语音低频处的频谱包络,在语音转换中是一种很好的频谱包络表示方法;提出一种新的有效的求解MFCC的算法,先对频谱通过谐波抽取得到阶梯谱包络,再对阶梯谱包络进行Mel尺度变换,最后通过余弦变换求得MFCC参数。该方法实现简单,运算结果准确。