Country survey XII: South Africa

This article examines the relationship between defence expenditure and economic performance in South Africa, both prior to and after that country's first fully democratic election in 1994. Prior to 1994 defence expenditure decisions were largely dominated by non‐economic factors; since then defence spending has declined in reaction to, inter alia, the need to address a number of socio‐economic inequities.

After 1975 in particular, military industrialisation in South Africa placed a disproportionately high burden on the country's industrial resources and natural economic and technical capabilities. However, although this suggests that the opportunity cost of domestic arms production has been fairly high, the country's poor economic and development performance since the mid‐1970s is a function of underlying structural deficiencies and institutional constraints rather than the consequence of inordinately high defence spending levels.     

新形势下师范类本科生就业能力现状及提升策略

随着高校毕业生的持续增加和我国事业单位人事制度的改革深化,近几年师范类大学生的就业问题Et益突出。在激烈的职场竞争中,就业能力的高低成为影响师范生就业的关键因素。本文通过问卷调查法,分析了师范类本科生就业能力的现状及存在的主要问题,从师范生培养模式、师范生就业观念、教育实习等方面分析影响师范生就业能力的因素。基于实证数据,建议从优化课程设置,制定大学生活规划,完善就业指导体系等几方面提升师范类本科生的就业能力。     

新疆少数民族大学毕业生回家乡就业观念研究

近年来,大学生就业已成为社会关注的重要问题。与其他大学毕业生不同的是新疆少数民族大学毕业生更愿意回到家乡工作,但他们为家乡做出重要贡献的同时,也增加了家乡的就业压力。本文从新疆少数民族大学毕业生回家乡就业的观念、价值、特点和选择标准等方面开展研究,并从中找出存在的问题,以期为少数民族就业难问题的解决提供帮助。     

新疆高校师范类毕业生就业现状及对策

本文针对新疆师范类毕业生目前就业困难的现状,从社会、高校、用人单位、毕业生本人等方面全面分析了就业困难的深层次原因,探讨解决新疆师范生就业的对策。要解决就业中存在的问题,需要政府有关职能部门加强宏观调控,优化就业环境,进一步推进教育人事制度的改革,同时高校要调整人才培养结构和专业布局,加强学生就业指导,提高毕业生就业竞争力,学生要转变就业观念,提高自身素质。     

聘用制下高校教师雇佣关系转变分析

教师聘用制改革是高校人事制度改革的重点和核心，是在遵循双方地位平等的原则上，以合同方式明确规定双方的权利、义务和责任的一种任用方式。教师聘用制的实施使高校与教师之间的雇佣关系本质发生了转变。本文从心理契约、职业生涯等方面对此进行分析，并指出在新雇佣关系下的成功要素。     

The effect of terror on job stability among security guards

Palestinian uprising, ‘intifada’, aggravated the recession of 2001–2004 in Israel which dampened demand for labor in all industries except security services. We use this exogenous shock to study whether a cohort of young men who were attached to temporary jobs as security guards for unusually long periods of time during the intifada landed on an inferior career path, as compared to security guards from a pre-intifada cohort. We find that the intifada cohort had less employment mobility, were ultimately less connected with the labor market, and earned less on jobs after the security services, relatively to the pre-intifada cohort.     

改进的AHP法在装甲分队火力运用评估中的应用

针对评估对象的模糊性和不确定性,对层次分析法进行了改进,并提出了基于改进的层次分析法的装甲分队火力运用评估模型。在层次分析法基础上引入模糊集,并结合模糊评判,对装甲分队火力运用的能力进行了评估。结果表明,采用该方法进行的评估,有效避免了使用传统AHP方法构建判断矩阵时,专家对各标度间的区分把握不够准确,带来的评判误差,并取得了符合实际而又较为准确的评估结果。     

就业与收入公平分配的相关性分析

就业与收入公平分配问题是当前经济与社会生活中最受关注的两个热点问题。就业与收入公平分配既存在正相关关系,又存在负相关关系。就业的收入功能与收入公平分配存在正相关关系,而就业—收入体制的不完善、非正规就业和就业市场化程度的提高等则导致收入的不公平分配。正确处理就业与收入公平分配的相关性,必须强化其正相关性,弱化其负相关性。     

将“翻转课堂”应用于高校大学生就业创业指导课程的思考

大学生就业创业指导课程是在就业压力不断加大的形势下产生的一门应用学科。本文通过分析发现将翻转课堂应用于就业创业指导课程，可以有效提升就业创业指导课程的教学效果：可以有效改善目前就业创业指导课程注重理论讲解，缺乏实践指导的现状；拓展教学资源，创新教学设计，提升教学质量；能够激发学生学习兴趣。     

India nuclear weapons: No first use or no full disclosure?

This article argues India is laying the foundation to move away from “no-first-use” (NFU) as its nuclear weapons employment policy. Since the inception of its nuclear weapons program, India has claimed NFU as the centerpiece of its nuclear strategy. But India has a history of developing foundational changes to its nuclear weapons program before such changes actually occur. For example, the infrastructure of India’s nuclear weapons program was already being created in the 1950s under the guise of civilian nuclear power. Similarly, the weaponization of India’s program, which did not officially occur until after the 1998 tests, had its genesis in far earlier decisions. A close examination of trends in India’s nuclear weapons production complex, its delivery systems, and its command and control complex all lead to the conclusion that India is laying the groundwork for more flexible employment options, up to and including first use. This article does not argue such a decision has been taken. Rather, it argues the underpinning is in place to allow for a move to more flexible options, perhaps very quickly, at some point in the future. This could occur during crisis or it could occur incrementally over time.