溶胶一凝胶法制备二氧化钛及其转化为氮化钛的研究

本文以钛酸丁酯为原料，通过溶胶一凝胶法制备了ＴｉＯ２凝胶，在高温下烧结此凝胶得到ＴｉＯ２。将ＴｉＯ２粉末在９００°Ｃ以上用氨进行氮化，制得金黄色的氮化钛。通过使用热分析、色谱分析、扫描电镜及Ｘ一射线衍射等手段，研究并揭示了凝胶在陶瓷化生成ＴｉＯ２的过程中的化学反应，结晶及晶型随温度的变化规律。发现了氮化钛陶瓷的生成率与ＴｉＯ２溶胶的制备条件之间的关系。     

Study of high-speed-impact-induced conoidal fracture of Ti alloy layer in composite armor plate composed of Ti-and Al-alloy layers

In order to understand the mechanism of conoidal fracture damage caused by a high-speed fragment-simulating projectile in titanium alloy layer of a composite armor plate composed of titanium- and aluminum-alloy layers, the ballistic interaction process was successfully simulated based on the Tuler-Butcher and GISSMO coupling failure model. The simulated conoidal fracture morphology was in good agreement with the three-dimensional industrial-computed-tomography image. Further, three main damage zones (zones I, II, and III) were identified besides the crater area, which are located respectively near the crater area, at the back of the target plate, and directly below the crater area. Under the high-speed-impact conditions, in zone II, cracks began to form at the end of the period of crack formation in zone I, but crack formation in zone III started before the end of crack formation in zone II. Further, the damage mechanism differed for different stress states. The microcracks in zone I were formed both by void connection and shear deformation. In the formation of zone I, the stress triaxiality ranged from-2.0 to-1.0, and the shear failure mechanism played a dominant role. The microcracks in zone II showed the combined features of shear deformation and void connection, and during the for-mation process, the stress triaxiality was between 0 and 0.5 with a mixed failure mode. Further, the microcracks in zone III showed obvious characteristics of void connection caused by local melting. During the zone III formation, the triaxiality was 1.0-1.9, and the ductile fracture mechanism was dominant, which also reflects the phenomenon of spallation.     

Si3 N4基复相陶瓷天线罩材料的制备及性能

基于高马赫数导弹天线罩为应用背景,以Si粉、BN粉、SiO2粉为主要原料,采用反应烧结法制备Si3N4基复相陶瓷材料,探讨了原料组成、成型工艺及坯体密度对材料性能的影响。试验结果表明:当原料中Si、BN和SiO2分别为55%、30%和10%时,材料强度可达96.7MPa,断裂韧性可达1.80MPa.m1/2。同时材料具有良好的介电性能及热物理性能。     

Formation of adiabatic shearing band for high-strength Ti-5553 alloy: A dramatic thermoplastic microstructural evolution

By using split Hopkinson pressure bar, optical microscopy and electronic microscopy, we investigate the influence of initial microstructures on the adiabatic shear behavior of high-strength Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr (Ti-5553) alloy with lamellar microstructure and bimodal microstructure. Lamellar alloy tends to form adiabatic shearing band (ASB) at low compression strain, while bimodal alloy is considerably ASB-resistant. Comparing with the initial microstructure of Ti-5553 alloy, we find that the microstructure of the ASB changes dramatically. Adiabatic shear of lamellar Ti-5553 alloy not only results in the formation of recrystallized β nano-grains within the ASB, but also leads to the chemical redistribution of the alloying elements such as Al, V, Cr and Mo. As a result, the alloying elements distribute evenly in the ASB. In contrast, the dramatic adiabatic shear of bimodal alloy might give rise to the complete lamination of the globular primary α grain and the equiaxial prior β grain, which is accompanied by the dynamic recrystallization of α lamellae and β lamellae. As a result, ASB of bimodal alloy is composed of α/β nano-multilayers. Chemical redistribution does not occur in ASB of bimodal alloy. Bimodal Ti-5553 alloy should be a promising candidate for high performance armors with high mass efficiency due to the processes high dynamic flow stress and excellent ASB-resistance.     

Dynamic globularization prediction during cogging process of large size TC11 titanium alloy billet with lamellar structure

The flow behavior and dynamic globularization of TC11 titanium alloy during subtransus deformation are investigated through hot compression tests. A constitutive model is established based on physical-based hardening model and phenomenological softening model. And based on the recrystallization mechanisms of globularization, the Avrami type kinetics model is established for prediction of globularization fraction and globularized grain size under large strain subtransus deformation of TC11 alloy. As the preliminary application of the previous results, the cogging process of large size TC11 alloy billet is simulated. Based on subroutine development of the DEFORM software, the coupled simulation of one fire cogging process is developed. It shows that the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results in forging load and microstructure characteristic, which validates the reliability of the developed FEM subroutine models.     

全氢聚硅氮烷的合成与表征

采用二氢二氯硅烷氨解法合成了氮化硅陶瓷先驱体全氢聚硅氮烷,并用红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱、热重、X射线衍射和元素分析等进行了表征。所合成的先驱体低聚物的分子骨架为[SiH2NH]n,数均分子量为106,重均分子量为178。固化后的先驱体在氮气下1000℃裂解转变为棕色粉末,陶瓷产率78wt%。将陶瓷产物在氮气下1400℃处理后,其主要成分为α-Si3N4,并含有少量富余硅,化学经验式为SiN1.036O0.060C0.028。陶瓷产物在氮气下1600℃处理后的X射线衍射谱图表明,游离硅已基本消失,α-Si3N4衍射峰加强,但是没有观察到从α-Si3N4到β-Si3N4的相转变。     

Preparation and characterization of HMX/EVA/hBNNSs micro-composites with improved thermal stability and reduced sensitivity

Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(HBNNSs)have huge potential in the field of coating materials owing to their remarkable chemical stability,mechanical strength and thermal conductivity.Thin-layer hBNNSs were obtained by a liquid-phase exfoliation of h-BN powders and incorporated into EVA coatings for improving the safety performance of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane(HMX).HBNNSs and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)were introduced to HMX by a solvent-slurry process.For com-parison,the HMX/EVA and HMX/EVA/graphene(HMX/EVA/G)composites were also prepared by a similar process.The morphology,crystal form,surface element distribution,thermal decomposition property and impact sensitivity of HMX/EVA/hBNNSs composites were contrastively investigated.Results showed that as prepared HMX/EVA/hBNNSs composites were well coated with hBNNSs and EVA,and exhibited better thermal stability and lower impact sensitivity than that of HMX/EVA and HMX/EVA/G composites,suggesting superior performance of desensitization of hBNNSs in explosives.     

冲击波活化热压烧结氮化硅粉末

对Si3 N4粉末实现了三种不同压力的冲击波预先处理 ,而后采用三种不同的热压烧结条件制得Si3 N4陶瓷。运用SEM ,TEM ,HRTEM和XRD等手段分析了粉末和陶瓷的结构特性 ,同时测试了材料的性能。结果表明 :冲击波压力没有导致Si3 N4粉末的相变 ,TEM观察表明Si3 N4晶粒中有大量的位错及位错群 ,冲击波的作用主要是通过引入大量位错和其他缺陷促进致密化过程 ,提高陶瓷材料的机械性能。经过40GPa冲击波活化 1 80 0℃热压烧结的Si3 N4陶瓷性能最好 ,弯曲强度达 1 1 0 7.2MPa ,断裂韧性达 1 2 .2 0MPa .m1/2 。     

Si-N-C 陶瓷的组成、结构与其热稳定性…

本文研究了由聚硅氮烷(PSZ)和聚碳硅烷(PC)热解制得的三种陶瓷的组成、结构与特性。研究表明,PC热解到1250℃产生Si-C陶瓷,其结晶相是β-SiC微晶,PSZ在N_2或NH_3气氛中热解则分别产生Si-N-C与Si-N无定形陶瓷。这三种陶瓷在Ar_2气中1300℃到1500℃处理以研究其热稳定性。结果证明Si-c陶瓷从微晶变为β-SiC结晶态,Si-N陶瓷从无定形态变为α-Si_3N_4结晶并伴随着可观测到的重量损失而Si-N-C陶瓷维持其元素组成及β-SiC微晶态直到1500℃。     

三维石英纤维增强氮化物基复合材料的烧蚀性能及显微结构

采用先驱体转化法制备了三维石英纤维增强氮化物基复合材料(3D SiO2f/Si3N4-BN),用等离子射流烧蚀方法研究了复合材料的烧蚀性能,运用扫描电镜及能谱仪对烧蚀表面微观形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明氮化物基复合材料在高压高热流等离子体烧蚀下线烧蚀率为0.91mm/s,石英纤维熔融并被吹除带走了大量的热量,熔融层抑制了基体的机械剥蚀。基体由于强度高、升华温度高,延缓了熔融层的吹除,表明氮化物基复合材料是一种良好的耐高温烧蚀透波材料。