复合材料单面胶接修复含中心裂纹铝合金板的疲劳特性分析

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了复合材料单面胶接修复铝合金裂纹板的裂纹长度参数化的有限元模型,分析了修复结构的裂纹尖端应力强度因子及其变化幅值的规律;与试验测试结果相结合,得到了描述修复结构疲劳特性的Paris公式材料常数;碳纤维、玻璃纤维复合材料胶接修复铝合金裂纹板的材料常数C、m分别为6.76×10-10、2.27和7.89×10-10、2.33。     

不锈钢面板与铝面板泡沫铝夹芯梁的抗爆性能

为考查泡沫铝夹芯梁的抗爆性能及面板材料对其抗爆性能的影响，采用数值模拟方法分析了面板材料分别为工业纯铝与304号不锈钢，芯材为Alporas泡沫铝共同组成相同质量泡沫铝夹芯梁在不同爆炸荷载作用下的跨中位移与芯材压缩应变的差异。研究结果显示：在爆炸冲量分别为1．82，3．77，6．08，7．0kN·s的作用下，工业纯铝面板泡沫铝夹芯梁跨中位移分别为304号不锈钢面板泡沫铝夹芯梁跨中位移的68％，83％，84％及86％，较304号不锈钢面板泡沫铝夹芯梁具有更好地抵抗爆炸冲击波的能力，面板材料对泡沫铝夹芯梁的压缩应变影响较小。     

铜铝导线搭接处铜导线形貌和成分分析

选用单芯聚氯乙烯绝缘铜导线和铝导线为实验材料并模拟火场条件，制备铜、铝导线搭接形成的一次短路痕迹、二次短路痕迹、火烧痕迹、过负荷痕迹和接触不良痕迹，为识别和分析铜、铝导线搭接痕迹并客观地认定火灾原因提供参考。     

新型铝水燃烧无人水下航行器混合动力系统优化设计

铝水燃烧无人水下航行器混合动力系统利用铝水燃烧产生的热量来加热水产生高温气流带动涡轮做功从而产生动力,研究表明其具有较高的能量密度。在原混合动力系统基础上,提出三种新的系统方案,分别对其建立数学模型并进行求解,得到并比较各个系统方案净输出功率、能量密度、系统效率等性能参数。计算结果表明:采用直接返回的高温气流与铝进行反应,虽然提高了水蒸气温度,但系统性能有所下降;增加蒸发器和固体换热器系统后充分利用固体氧化剂的热量,使得系统性能提升;采用双燃烧室加壁面冷却换热构型,减少了高温压缩机组件且解决了燃烧室热防护问题,同时系统性能有所提升。研究结果可为今后铝水燃烧无人水下航行器混合动力系统总体设计提供参考。     

有机羧酸在中性腐蚀介质中对铸铝的缓蚀性能研究

通过电化学方法研究了不同浓度的有机羧酸对偶接及非偶接状态下铸铝的缓蚀性能,并对其缓蚀机理作了初步探讨.结果表明:常温状态下,该有机羧酸对铸铝有着很好的缓蚀效果,且随着其浓度的提高,缓蚀效果增加.此缓蚀剂对铸铝主要表现为几何覆盖效应,为抑制阳极型缓蚀剂.     

Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0％to 15％,every 5％increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3％decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14％and 8％higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12％and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80％of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives.     

2A12铝合金焊接接头超声冲击处理前后拉伸性能分析

为克服铝合金薄板焊接接头强度偏低、韧性不足的缺点,用ER5356焊丝对不同厚度的2A12铝合金板材进行了手工氩弧焊接,并采用超声冲击处理对焊接接头进行全覆盖强化处理。采用金相显微镜观察了处理和未处理焊接接头的显微组织结构,对接头的力学性能进行了测试分析,分析了超声冲击处理改善2A12铝合金焊接接头力学性能的机理。结果表明：铝合金焊接接头经超声冲击强化处理后,6 mm和4 mm厚板材对接接头的抗拉强度分别提高了17.4%和23.7%,延伸率分别提高了28%和44%,焊缝表层组织得到明显细化。分析认为：晶粒大幅细化、组织致密化和缺陷减少,是超声冲击处理改善铝合金焊接接头抗拉伸性能的主要原因。     

外加电位条件下7A52铝合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性研究

摘要：采用电化学极化手段和慢应变速率拉伸试验,结合扫描电镜观察合金断口形貌,研究了外加电位对7A52铝合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响。研究结果表明：合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性与外加电位有强烈的相关性,开裂敏感性在外加电位为一0．95V时最低,外加电位起到阴极保护的作用;在外加电位为一1V时有所升高,但仍然低于开路电位条件下的敏感性;在一1．1V时最高,应力腐蚀过程以氢脆为主;在一1．2V时又有所降低,阴极析出的氢以气态逸出而降低应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。     

新型航空铝合金材料复杂形貌点蚀损伤应力集中效应分析

根据7B04铝合金材料试件模拟加速点蚀试验检测结果,并结合铝合金材料点蚀行为机制、微观结构特征与随机性过程本质,构建由多个微观椭球体合成的楔入型与合围型两种典型复杂形貌点蚀损伤模型。采用ANSYS有限元方法建模并基于线弹性断裂力学,对上述两种点蚀损伤模型的应力集中效应进行计算与分析。研究发现:两种复杂形貌特征的点蚀损伤模型产生的应力集中系数数值基本相当,各个微观椭球体蚀坑分别对应力分布产生影响并相互干涉与叠加,造成复杂形貌点蚀损伤模型的应力集中系数数值增大;两种复杂形貌点蚀损伤模型的应力主要集中在各个微观椭球体蚀坑交会的位置,大都位于宏观点蚀损伤的侧边;两种复杂形貌点蚀损伤模型的应力集中效应作用区域的尺寸与铝合金材料微观晶粒尺寸、点蚀萌生的短裂纹初期尺寸基本相当。     

Al/H2O2作为无人水下航行器动力电池的研究

概述了Al/H2O2半燃料电池的原理及在水下无人航行器动力电源中的运用,系统分析了国内外在电极材料(包括阳极和阴极材料)、电解液和电解液补充优化系统几个方面的发展,提出了国内在这方面研究的重点技术和可能的解决途径.