基于多约束投标策略的改进合同网算法

针对无人机使用传统合同网算法进行任务分配存在的投标个数多、网络吞吐量不均衡、工作负载高等问题,提出一种改进合同网算法任务分配模型.首先对无人机任务分配的空间环境进行建模,在传统合同网算法的投标阶段,结合一种基于无人机能力评估方法的投标策略,该策略建立了基于代价函数和收益函数的任务效能函数.通过多次仿真,对历史任务效能、...     

多机协同对空目标探测与攻击任务的最优分配

针对信息化条件下多机协同空战中需要协同制导的问题,建立了探测任务和攻击任务分配的模型。首先根据战场态势和雷达探测能力建立探测任务分配模型,然后根据战场态势和武器作战能力建立攻击任务分配模型,最后将此多目标决策问题转化为单目标优化问题。通过建立可行解到粒子间的映射,提出了粒子群优化算法对该优化问题进行求解。仿真实验表明了该模型与算法的可行性与有效性。     

基于买卖合同策略与PSO算法的异构UAV任务分配规划方法

针对PSO算法在初始化异构UAV协同任务分配效率不高、任务分配不均的问题,将PSO算法与买卖合同策略结合起来,运用买卖合同策略来调整PSO算法对异构UAV协同任务的初始分配,同时充分发挥PSO算法对多目标优化具有收敛速度快、寻优精度高等优势,有效解决了异构UAV对多类型任务规划的最优分配。仿真结果表明:该方法在保证任务分配合理的同时,能够有效解决多约束条件下异构UAV协同任务分配规划优化问题。     

面向协同区域反恐侦察的无人机集群规划与控制

以无人机集群协同侦察多个区域内潜在的恐怖分子为背景,提出了一种基于贪婪算法的求解思路,设计了任务分配-路径规划-跟踪控制的算法流程,解决了面向协同区域反恐侦察的无人机集群规划与控制问题。首先,设计任务分配算法,为无人机分配任务区域,解决多无人机多目标的任务分配问题;然后,每一架无人机进行路径规划,生成从当前点到任务区域以及在任务区域侦察的组合路径;再使用追踪虚拟目标点的方法,使无人机沿着规划航线飞行。任务分配-路径规划-跟踪控制在线滚动执行,使无人机集群协同执行反恐侦察任务。对上述算法进行了数值仿真,并基于开源仿真平台搭建复合翼无人机协同仿真环境,进一步验证了算法流程。     

基于混合遗传算法的多基地多无人机战场物资配送任务分配

战场物资无人机配送是未来后勤保障的一种重要方式。以战时多基地、多无人机保障多需求点的模式为研究对象,通过分析多需求点战场物资无人机配送的特点及决策目标,利用多约束条件下的多车场车辆路径问题对无人机物资配送任务分配进行建模,通过将节约里程法与最近邻算法引入遗传算法中,较好地提高了算法求解速率及解的质量,最后通过仿真算例验证了模型和算法的合理性、有效性。结果表明:模型与算法能够在满足部队需求和给定的配送资源条件下优化物资配送方案,可较好地解决多基地、多无人机的战场物资配送任务分配问题。     

基于分解的多目标布谷鸟搜索算法求解多无人机协同任务分配问题

多无人机协同任务分配问题是一个多目标优化问题,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题的传统方法易造成决策的主观性和片面性.为帮助决策者做出科学决策,提出了一种基于分解的多目标布谷鸟搜索算法用于求解多无人机协同任务分配问题.通过对多无人机协同任务分配问题分析,建立了多无人机协同任务分配模型.将布谷鸟搜索算法的两个关键组件转化为多目标优化算法的繁殖算子,并结合一种自适应算子选择策略,构成了多目标布谷鸟搜索算法.设计了一种新的编码方案,将带约束的多目标优化问题转为无约束的多目标优化问题.仿真实验表明,多目标布谷鸟搜索算法能有效求解多无人机协同任务分配问题.     

基于改进遗传算法的异构多无人机任务分配

针对异构多无人机协同任务分配问题,提出了一种基于改进的遗传算法的多UAV任务分配方法。根据多UAV协同任务分配问题的特点,设计了新的遗传算子,并且对适应度值做了标定,有效避免了算法在最优解附近摆动现象的发生,从而提高了任务分配的效率。充分利用改进遗传算法的全局搜索能力,有效地解决多约束条件下多UAV协同目标分配问题。仿真结果表明,改进的遗传算法能够稳定快速地找到较优分配方案,并且算法简单有效。     

基于改进蛙跳算法的多无人机协同任务分配研究

针对多无人机协同任务分配问题,提出了一种基于Levy飞行的改进随机蛙跳算法用于解决多无人机的协同任务预分配问题,通过引入动态跳跃步长、Levy飞行因子和族群认知因子有效改进了算法的搜索性能,提高了搜索效率。针对多无人机协同执行任务时可能遭遇的突发任务,通过引入市场拍卖机制提高了算法的计算收敛效率。通过仿真算例分析,验证了改进的随机蛙跳算法解决多无人机协同任务分配问题的有效性。     

多UCAV任务分配有限阶段MDP方法和算法

多UCAV(Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle)任务分配是无人机作战决策的重要内容,是一类求解困难的组合优化问题,目前尚无成熟高效的解决方案.通过马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)将任务分配问题化解为分阶段序列决策过程,并对当前阶段决策状态采用单一整数编码,提出了基于有限阶段MDP的求解算法.通过仿真实验表明:该算法可以快速精确地解决多UCAV任务分配的问题.     

多无人机协同任务规划方法

针对多UCAV协同作战的复杂问题,建立了多无人机任务分配模型,模型在任务规划前进行路径预规划,增强规划过程的准确性,提出一种基于整数编码的多种群混合遗传算法对问题求解并进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,该算法增强了搜索的有效性,极大地避免了遗传算法容易陷入未成熟收敛的缺陷,保证了寻优过程的收敛性和任务规划效果的最优化。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.