证据理论与模糊神经网络相结合的身份估计方法

重点研究了在数据融合身份估计领域中D-S证据理论与模糊神经网络相结合的多传感器数据融合方法。Demp-ster-Shafer证据理论方法是对Beyes决策检验法的推广,证据理论比概率论满足更弱的公理系统,并且在区分不确定与不知道等方面显示了很大的灵活性,但是在基于证据理论的身份估计融合中,基本可信度的分配是一个与应用密切相关的问题,也是实际应用中最难的一步。利用模糊神经网络来处理证据理论中的基本可信度分配问题,并对几种空中目标进行了身份估计数据融合,经计算机仿真实验证实了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于相似性测度的证据合成公式

针对经典D-S规则融合冲突证据时会出现结果有悖于常理的问题,提出一种基于相似性测度的证据合成公式。利用相似性测度构造证据源可信度,进而得到焦元可信度。将焦元可信度作为冲突信度分配系数以改进合成公式,利用改进的合成公式对证据源进行数据融合。算例结果表明,该方法能有效解决冲突性证据的融合问题,较之以往方法具有收敛性强和可靠性高的优点。     

基于证据融合的雷达发射机健康评估

针对在多种不确定性因素下的雷达发射机健康状态评估问题,在综合考虑指标可测性的基础上,建立了新的雷达发射机健康状态评估指标体系。采用一种改进证据理论的多指标融合方法进行雷达健康状态评估,通过各实测数据隶属函数转化得到基本可信度分配,避免了传统方法中评估指标基本可信度函数分配的主观性和局限性,然后利用改进的D-S证据理论对指标进行融合,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Agent目标判别的神经网络-证据理论法

重点研究了目标识别领域中证据理论与模糊神经网络相结合的多Agent数据融合方法.作为传统Bayes理论的推广,证据理论由于满足更弱的信息来源条件,尤其是在区分不确定与未知方面显示了很大的灵活性,因此备受关注.然而,基本可信度的分配是一个与实际应用密切相关的问题,也是较难操作的一步.本文通过对模糊神经网络的训练来处理证据理论的基本可信度分配问题,经计算机仿真表明这是一种行之有效的方法.     

一种改进的证据合成方法及其在模糊评估中的应用

针对证据理论在模糊评估中的应用问题,分析了经典D-S证据合成规则和现有改进方法的不足,提出了一种更为适宜的证据合成方法。该方法通过证据间的夹角余弦计算证据间的相似系数,从而获得证据的可信度。通过对证据权重和可信度的对比与融合,确定各证据在冲突概率分配中的权重。通过冲突概率的全局分配对证据进行合成。实例分析表明,该方法不仅能够处理高度冲突证据,还能保证指标间的相对重要性不被可信度所过度地影响,从而提高了模糊评估的可靠性与合理性,降低决策风险。     

基于模糊逻辑和证据理论的故障诊断方法

针对故障诊断过程中信息损失的问题和D-S证据理论在处理模糊信息时的局限性,在模糊逻辑的基础上,将决策级信息融合技术应用于故障诊断系统中,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑和D-S证据理论相结合的多传感器信息融合综合故障诊断方法。该方法以模糊隶属函数来实现基本可信度分配,充分利用各种传感器的冗余和互补信息,可显著提高故障诊断的准确率,实例验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于证据理论的无人机光电侦察设备故障诊断

针对无人机光电侦察设备故障类型多样性以及故障信息不确定性等问题,从信息融合的角度出发,运用证据理论对光电侦察设备故障进行诊断.依据故障统计数据和专家评判矩阵获取基本概率分配,利用证据可信度修正最初的概率分配,再利用证据融合公式得到综合故障诊断结果.最后通过实例验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于改进合成规则的弹头目标综合识别方法

为了提高多传感器弹头目标综合识别能力,提出了一种改进的证据合成规则。通过证据可靠性的AHP评估与分析,计算出证据的权重系数。并通过证据间的夹角余弦计算证据的可信度,得到证据的一致性偏差。根据证据的权重系数及一致性偏差计算其冲突概率分配系数。基于冲突概率的全局分配对多传感器的识别证据进行融合。实例分析表明,该方法能够有效降低弹头目标决策层融合识别的风险,提高弹头目标综合识别的鲁棒性和准确性。     

一种修正的冲突证据融合方法

对于冲突证据,D-S证据理论无法使用甚至无法得出正确的结果,进而引发了专家学者的研究。针对该问题,提出了一种新的冲突证据融合方法,建立了多传感器综合可信度的计算模型,根据综合可信度得到多传感器的合成结果,采用D-S证据理论对合成结果进行组合,既解决了高冲突问题,又解决了低冲突问题。最后通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于不可信证据源与冲突重分配的证据合成方法

针对D-S证据理论在高冲突下失效的问题,在比较修正原始证据源和重新分配冲突两种方法的基础上,提出一种新的合成规则,新方法用可信度修正证据的同时,把全局冲突分为两部分,并依据"全局冲突在全局分配、局部冲突在局部分配"的原则对冲突进行细化分配。通过仿真分析,并与其他方法比较,新的合成方法能更好地融合冲突证据,收敛速度快,具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.