论我国地方国家机关的军事立法权

我国地方国家机关享有国防职权和立法权,有权就国防事务制定地方性军事法规和地方性军事规章。地方国家机关的军事立法权既有法律依据,也有存在的必要性。但地方军事立法的内容是有限的,不应涉及军事行动和军队管理事项。     

Portfolio analysis for defense: taking account of networking

To manage their assets at an enterprise level, defense organizations have turned to portfolio theory for the planning, analysis and management of their military forces and materiel. Despite being well established in the commercial sector, the application of portfolio approaches in defense is problematic. The vexatious question for defense of how to define and measure benefits arising is complicated by the increased utility and effectiveness achieved through networking of military forces and the equipment they use. The authors discuss the challenges for defense in using a portfolio approach and propose a conceptual model for dealing with the effects arising from networking with information and communications technologies.     

The politics of defense revival in Argentina

In marked contrast with previous decades, defense issues in Argentina have started to receive increasing political attention over the last few years. The main goal of this article is to account for this new found interest in defense policy. The article contends that this revival could be accounted for by both the implementation of a neo-developmentalist strategy and a type of control that emphasizes civilian oversight over the armed forces. Both factors have promoted the implementation of policies that favored an increase in the military budget, the reconstruction of the defense industry and the establishment of a new military doctrine. This article evaluates the impact of factors that have not been previously considered by the literature on defense attention in South America.     

Pool it,share it,or lose it: an economical view on pooling and sharing of European military capabilities

In a general and economical view, this article analyzes methods and mechanisms for the pooling and sharing of military forces and weapons inside the European Union (EU) in times of scarcity. Pooling and sharing could improve the EU military capabilities significantly if differences in location factors were taken into account and all states would focus on their respective strengths. More competition and less concentration are the keys to ensuring guaranteed access to military assets. Pooling and sharing are likely to be successful only if large states enhance their emphasis on collective defense by mutual aid and self-help, and reduce particularistic and parochial interests of local gain. The realm of personnel has the most potential for improvement but any change is likely to generate policy implications.     

一种计算目视与光学器材探测概率的Monte-Carlo方法

目视与光学器材是防空兵侦察器材的重要组成部分。深入研究这些器材的搜索规律,对于提高防空兵的侦察能力和空情保障能力、完善防空兵侦察理论具有重要意义。以可见光探测理论为基础,根据目视与光学器材对空搜索的特点,建立了其探测概率的计算模型,并在此基础上利用Monte Carlo方法对模型进行了仿真分析,仿真结果贴近实验数据,对防空兵侦察器材的优化配置具有一定的参考价值。     

The failure of defense planning in European Post-Communist Defense Institutions: ascertaining causation and determining solutions

By any objective measure, defense institutions in Central and Eastern Europe have all but universally been incapable of producing viable defense plans that are based on objective costing and operational planning data. This situation exists in spite the provision of considerable Western advice and assistance, let alone reporting to and receiving assessments by NATO’s International Staff under Partnership for Peace, as well as via the integrated defense planning and reporting systems. An explanation for this systematic failure across European post-Communist defense institutions can be found in the continued slow development of an over-arching policy framework which directs and approves all activities of the armed forces, as well as the de-centralization of financial decision-making down to capability providers. The essay ends with an examination of the adverse effects of the early introduction of planning programming, budgeting system (PPBS), have had on the development of effective policy and planning capabilities within these defense institutions.     

The national defense function and federalism: the importance of the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act

Countries with a federalist system of government have different arrangements for providing national security. US national security is provided by national and State defense forces. The quintessential national function – national defense – experienced some changes that enhanced the role of the States. Policy changes in the National Defense Authorization Act of 2008 (2008 NDAA) introduced new roles for the Governors and the State defense forces, or the National Guard. This article explores how the interests of Congress and States aligned in the 2008 NDAA such that the national defense function changed. This article finds that the national government continues to have the central coordinating role, but that the politics and provisions of the 2008 NDAA changed the national–State relationship in mission, decision-making, and command and control so that US federalism in the national defense function is evolving in unexpected ways.     

基于Swarm平台的防空兵服务概率仿真与分析

防空兵服务概率是描述防空兵抗空袭能力的一个重要参数。论文对防空兵服务概率仿真进行了模型假设,在分析防空兵服务系统基础上,建立了防空兵服务概率仿真所需的火力单元Agent、敌机Agent以及各个仿真模块。通过对仿真数据的分析,得出两个结论：一是火力防线配置距离存在一个适度值;二是通过缩短平均服务时间来降低突防率,比增大可射击距离降低突防率效果更为明显的。这些结论对防空兵火力防线配置有一定的参考价值。     

Factors influencing the modernization of military-investment economic appraisal systems

Budgetary restrictions resulting from the present international economic crisis have tightened the need to improve efficiency in defense spending, leading to the armed forces having to undertake their duties with fewer resources. Previous reports on the subject have looked into the determining factors and effects of military spending but very few studies have analyzed the determinants for the modernization of the methodology for assessing efficiency. Thus, using a multiple regression statistical model, we have analyzed the appraisal systems in place in 28 countries to identify factors that influence the development of economic assessment of military expenditure. Our findings have revealed three factors that may favor the improvement of appraisal systems with regard to military expenditure: the quality of governance, size of the armed forces, and unemployment levels.     

谈我国地方行政机关的军事行政立法权

在我国，对于地方行政机关是否享有“军事行政立法权”，相关法律中没有作出直接的明确规定，因此学术界还存在着不同的观点。应当承认我国地方行政机关享有国防军事职权，可以制定有关国防军事事项的地方性行政规章。但是，承认地方行政机关享有军事行政立法权与允许其通过立法直接对当地驻军和现役军人作出规范性要求是两个不同的问题。承认前者并不意味着就肯定了后者。要避免地方行政机关的军事立法对军队的集中统一领导带来负面影响，就应当对其加以适当的限制。     

基于HLA的防空群作战仿真系统设计

介绍了高层体系结构(HLA)的优点与联邦系统的结构.以防空群抗击空中目标为背景,从系统的需求与功能、逻辑体系结构以及系统的开发过程设计了防空群作战仿真系统,最后给出了实现方法.该系统的开发可用于评估防空作战效果和进行防空战法研究.     

Themes in defence manpower economics and challenges for the future

Raising and maintaining military forces have posed enormous challenges for the United States and its allies. Economists have made significant contributions to understanding of how to recruit and manage such forces. This paper highlights key past contributions and discusses challenges for future research. Rapid changes in the roles and missions of military personnel, technology, and the civilian labor market pose serious challenges for future military manpower policy and will challenge economists to develop new approaches to military recruiting and personnel management. Yet the body of past research can continue to provide insight and guidance in making decisions about defense manpower.     

应用知识推理的防空兵射击指挥辅助决策模型

针对现代空袭方式的新特点,提出了应用知识推理的防空兵射击指挥辅助决策模型,在已经研究比较成熟的模型算法的基础上进行了改进,并将人工智能的知识推理引入辅助决策.定量计算与定性分析相结合,为解决防空兵射击指挥这种半结构化问题提供了新的思路.     

俄罗斯空天防御教学训练设备发展与问题研究

俄罗斯按照建设航天力量的需求，积极研究现代空天防御教学技术设备。俄罗斯空天防御教学训练设备可帮助受训者利用所获得的知识与能力，在准备和完成实践任务时在不同系统设备间实现不同级别的综合协同，将实现结构和软件的模块化。俄航天兵使用空天防御教学训练设备的经验对军队空天防御专业人员训练具有重要的借鉴意义。本文分析了俄罗斯空天防御教学训练设备现状，研究了朱可夫空天防御军事学院一体化空天防御自动化控制系统教学试验模型的构成、原理、作用和应用，总结了俄罗斯空天防御教学训练设备在国家标准、教学法、工效学和组织方面存在的主要问题及解决办法，以期为军队空天防御教学训练设备发展提供参考。     

地面防空威胁估计模糊优化计算方法及使用

在近年来研制成功的战术单位级地面防空作战指挥辅助决策支持系统基础上,介绍了为指挥员提供目标威胁判断使用的模糊优化评估算法以及威胁估计在地面防空指挥决策中的使用.     

Birth of the Cold War: irregular warfare first blood in Greece

ABSTRACT

While often held up as a model of successful American counterinsurgency, the Greek Civil War presents a unique case. Peculiar local conditions and geopolitics contributed to the defeat of communist forces in Greece. A firm British and later American commitment to combating communism stood in contrast to ambiguous support from the Soviet Union in an area they considered outside of their sphere of influence. Strong nationalist feeling among the Greek population buttressed support for the government and undermined the ‘internationalist’ concessions of communist forces. These characteristics make the extrapolation of broader lessons focused on victory through the application of overwhelming American resources and the financing of local forces problematic. If lessons are to be gleaned from this case, they should focus on the critical roles played by internal political dynamics and geopolitics in undermining the strength of the insurgent forces and how these provided a stable platform from which the counterinsurgents could operate.     

雷达侦察效能对防空兵群抗击效率的影响评估

从信息化条件下防空作战的实际需要出发,描述了搜索雷达与火控雷达的侦察效能对群抗击效率影响的基本特点,运用概率论和防空兵射击指挥理论,建立了防空兵群分散指挥和集中指挥时,搜索与火控雷达发现目标概率对群抗击效率影响的数学模型,结合实例计算分析了选择射击指挥方式时搜索雷达发现目标概率的临界值。     

新征程军事指导理论创新发展

十八大以来,习主席关于国防和军队建设重要论述,体现了我党军事指导理论的创新发展,既是习主席治国理政思想在军事领域的重要体现,也处处体现了辩证唯物主义的思想方法。学习贯彻习主席关于国防和军队建设的重要论述,必须牢牢把握其思想精华,把意志和力量凝聚到实现中国梦强军梦上来,推动国防和军队建设的创新发展。     

Regular and irregular forces in conflict: nineteenth century insurgencies in South America

ABSTRACT

In the decades following independence from Spain, ‘civil wars’ ravaged the newly established polities in South America. Former vice-regal capitals inherited a larger portion of the colonial administration and had larger economic resources and a hegemonic project they were able to have permanent and professional armed forces, capable of leading the offensive and giving battle following the European rules of military art. The central hypothesis of this work is that there is a necessary relationship between the shape of these asymmetrical conflicts, their outcome and the political territorial configuration of each country in post-revolutionary Spanish America. When permanent armies took over from local militias, the capital kept the integrity of its territories and there was a tendency towards political centralization. When this did not happen and the militias managed to find a way to defeat their centralizing enemies, the local powers had an opportunity to renegotiate their participation in the political body, and sought to maintain their independence, which was manifest in federal agreements, otherwise a process of territorial fragmentation began. More than a difference between regular and irregular forces there was one between intermittent, and permanent mobilization.     

The Organization of the Defense Support System: An Economic Geography Perspective

In the context of restricted budgetary resources and the growing cost of maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) activities, a major issue for modern armed forces is to sustain defense platforms. A possible method consists of realizing economies of scale through the concentration of maintenance activities, which involves the spatial reorganization of existing industrial sites dedicated to MRO. This article provides a formalized framework to discuss the optimal organization for the MRO of defense platforms in space. The public planner organizes the maintenance of defense platforms with only two possible spatial configurations. In the dispersed configuration, two industrial production units in charge of the maintenance optimally cover space, whereas in the concentrated configuration, a unique industrial unit covers space. Focusing on the tipping point between the two configurations, the balance of forces between agglomeration and dispersion in defense support activities is described and discussed. On the one hand, economies of scale provide an opportunity to optimize defense support costs, favoring concentration in a unique industrial unit. On the other hand, space causes dispersion to reduce both transport costs and operational social costs. This trade-off illustrates a general principle in spatial economics with an application to MRO production in the French case.