基于SOM神经网络的坦克作战效能评估

坦克作战效能评估是一个多属性评估问题,通过建立自组织特征映射神经网络(SOM)的坦克作战效能评估模型,通过该模型的二维拓扑有序映射图,可以清晰地观察到不同型号坦克的作战效能特征;并通过MATLABR2010a训练、仿真,对我国某型坦克的作战效能进行相似性预测评估。     

机载火控系统效能评估方法

机载火控系统效能评估一直是个较为复杂的问题.在阐述机载火控系统效能概念的基础上,根据机载火控系统的特点建立了效能评估的指标评价体系,用模糊层次法建立了模糊评判模型,并用该模型方法对F-16A和F-16C/D两种战斗机的机载火控系统进行效能评估,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于ADC方法的坦克火控系统效能评估

基于ADC系统效能评估方法,建立了坦克火控系统效能评估指标体系及数学模型。将系统可靠性、维修性进行综合,确定了系统可用性、可信性;将系统分解为多层级功能单元,并采用加权及专家打分评价方法,由低到高逐层向上汇总,确定了系统能力,最后给出了坦克火控系统效能评估的具体算例。     

基于K-means-RBF的机载传感器评估

针对传统RBF神经网络存在的高维数据学习训练问题,采用K-means聚类算法设计RBF神经网络数据中心,建立基于聚类RBF神经网络的机载传感器精度评估模型,运用改进的RBF神经网络对机载传感器系统进行精度评估研究.仿真研究结果表明,与传统RBF神经网络评估算法相比,该算法有效减少评估时间,提高预测精度,表明算法是合理和有效的.     

基于指数法的舰艇火控系统效能分析

通过对舰艇防空、反潜、对海、对陆4方面作战任务进行分析,引入逻辑门"与"、"或"、"乘",建立了舰艇火控系统效能模型。根据各武器火控系统的战技指标,采用效能指数法及AHP法,对其效能自下而上进行聚合,得到舰艇火控系统的效能值。最后以防空火控系统为例进行仿真,验证了所建模型的有效性。     

基于神经网络的目标预测跟踪

针对高炮火控系统的现状,在阐述神经网络模型预测控制理论的基础上,将神经网络模型预测控制器应用于火控系统的目标跟踪中,同时利用Matlab对其进行了实验仿真,并将仿真结果与传统控制器和模糊控制器仿真结果相比照进行了分析,验证了该控制器可以较好地提高火控系统目标跟踪的速度和精度,从而使系统具有良好的鲁棒性和自适应性.     

国防工程智能信息系统效能评估研究

在简要介绍国防工程智能信息系统组成和功能的基础上,提出了系统效能评估指标体系,分别用BP神经网络和AHP法建立了国防工程智能信息系统效能评估模型,并对系统的设备监控管理能力进行了评估。仿真结果表明,BP神经网络法克服了传统评估方法精度低、模型复杂和计算量大的缺点,可将以往的专家经验知识进行分析学习,能够实现实时方便的在线评估;AHP法对多层次的指标体系具有较强的处理能力,但是存在指标权重确定主观性强,计算量大的问题。     

基于BN-and-BP神经网络融合的陆空联合作战效能评估

针对陆空联合作战效能评估问题,构建了具有6个二级评估指标和18个三级评估指标的综合评估指标体系。利用BP神经网络的度量方法,对三级指标进行评估,有效降低了变量个数。采用贝叶斯网络的度量方法,通过专家确定网络结构,利用蒙特卡罗算法确定条件概率表CPT,建立了陆空联合作战的综合效能评估模型,有效克服了AHP法和贝叶斯网络单独进行作战效能评估的不足。仿真结果说明,该评估模型性能良好,具有一定的科学性和可操作性。     

坦克火控系统射击诸元解算仿真模型

火控系统射击模型仿真是坦克分布式交互仿真的重要内容,直接影响着仿真结果的可信度。通过分析实车火控系统数学模型,在简化了外弹道模型的基础上,结合仿真实现,建立了射击诸元解算的仿真模型。     

基于模糊物元分析法的坦克作战效能评估

鉴于坦克作战效能评估中客观存在的不确定性和模糊性,提出了基于改进模糊物元分析方法的坦克作战效能评估模型。该模型在构建坦克作战效能评估指标体系基础上,将层次分析法和熵权法计算出的权重有机组合实现综合赋权,并据此建立坦克作战效能的模糊物元分析评估模型。实例分析表明,所提出的模型便于理解,易于实现,兼顾了主客观因素的影响,评估结果总体反映了坦克作战效能的真实水平,也为其他装甲武器作战效能的科学评估提供新思路。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.