突袭敌方指挥所兵力需求仿真

甲方以特种部队突袭乙方师(旅)指挥所的行动是未来渡海登岛作战中的重要内容,能大大加快战役进程.战前通过侦察已知对方实力,通过作战模拟的方法确定规定时间内完成任务所需派遣特种部队的规模有决定性意义.采用指数-Lanchester理论模拟作战过程,在考虑气象、士气因素对作战过程影响的基础上,以甲方在消灭乙方50%有生力量后作战结束,通过MATLAB7 0仿真工具得出在一定的作战想定条件下甲方需要投入兵力的综合战斗力指数.     

Theoretical analysis of lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces with supporting fires

This paper studies combat between two homogeneous forces modelled with variable-coefficient Lanchester-type equations of modern warfare with supporting fires not subject to attrition. It shows that this linear differential-equation model for combat with supporting fires may be transformed into one without the supporting fires so that all the previous results for variable-coefficient Lanchester-type equations of modern warfare (without supporting fires) may be invoked. Consequently, new important results for representing the solution (i.e. force levels as functions of time) in terms of canonical Lanchester functions and also for predicting force annihilation are developed for this model with supporting fires. Important insights into the dynamics of combat between two homogeneous forces with such supporting fires are discussed.     

基于作战仿真的装甲车辆作战效能评估方法

在研制开发装甲车辆的过程中需要预先知道设计的装备是否满足未来战场需要,主要是它的作战效能是否能满足要求。为了获得研制中装备的作战效能,较好的办法是建立作战模型进行仿真。在仿真结果的基础上,通过选取作战效能评估的主要评价指标,建立装甲车辆作战效能的一个综合评估模型,得到了作战效能。     

Target selection in lanchester combat: Heterogeneous forces and time-dependent attrition-rate coefficients

We develop solutions to two fire distribution problems for a homogeneous force in Lanchester combat against heterogeneous enemy forces. The combat continues over a period of time with a choice of tactics available to the homogeneous force and subject to change with time. In these idealized combat situations the lethality of each force's fire (as expressed by the Lanchester attrition-rate coefficient) depends upon time. Optimal fire distribution rules are developed through the combination of Lanchester-type equations for combat attrition and deterministic optimal control theory (Pontryagin maximum principle). Additionally, the theory of state variable inequality constraints is used to treat the nonnegativity of force levels. The synthesis of optimal fire distribution policies was facilitated by exploiting special mathematical structures in these problems.     

空军武器装备体系作战效能分析

根据空军“攻防兼备”的作战要求 ,将空军的武器装备分为作战力量装备和保障力量装备 ,并按进攻和防守两种主要的作战样式对空军的武器装备体系进行了作战效能分析 ,探讨了分析空军武器装备体系作战效能的方法和思路 ,为建立空军武器装备体系作战效能评估仿真系统提供了基础。     

现代战争制胜机理的理论探讨

现代战争是信息化条件下的高技术常规局部战争。现代战争制胜机理必须适应战斗力生成新要求,突出战斗力标准。从军队作战能力的视角,可将现代战争的制胜机理分为:信息力制胜、杀伤力制胜、防护力制胜、机动力制胜和保障力制胜五个方面,即所谓的"五力制胜",它们相互融合成一个有机整体,共同构成现代战争中克敌制胜的法宝。     

An indicator of combat success

Assessing the effects of changes in weapons systems or battle tactics is difficult because of the variations in battles and the resulting instability of measures of combat effectiveness. Even under the relatively stable conditions of designed combat exercises, traditional measures may fail to reflect important battle events and dynamics. This variation in results makes the design, conduct, and evaluation of combat experiments, combat simulations, and combat training exercises a challenging endeavor, indeed. We develop and examine a combat measure of effectiveness, based on Lanchester models, which we call the battle trace. The battle trace is a measure of ongoing battle results, measured as a function of time into the battle. We describe how such measures might contribute to assessing effects of changing certain battle parameters. We suggest applications of these ideas to developing combat simulations and to enhancing combat training exercises.     

Theoretical analysis of the general linear model for lanchester - type combat between two homogeneous forces

This paper studies Lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces modeled by the so-called general linear model with continuous replacements/withdrawals. It demonstrates that this model can be transformed into a simpler canonical form, which is also shown to arise from fixed-force-level-breakpoint battles modeled by Lanchester-type equations for modern warfare. Analytical expressions for the force levels for the general variable coefficient linear model with continuous replacements/withdrawals are constructed out of so-called general Lanchester functions for the model without replacements/withdrawals, for which all solutions are shown to be nonoscillatory in the strict sense. These force-level results are unfortunately so complicated and opaque that the constant-coefficient version of the model must be studied before any insights into the dynamics of combat may be analytically obtained. Thus, fairly complete results are given for the general linear model with constant attrition-rate coefficients and constant rates of replacement/withdrawal. However, the expressions for the force levels are still so complicated that we have not been able to develop battle-outcome prediction conditions directly from them alone but have had to establish general results on the qualitative behavior of solutions. A significant result (and one that greatly complicates the prediction of battle outcome) is that all solutions to the model with replacements/withdrawals are no longer necessarily nonoscillatory in the strict sense, i.e., both sides force levels can take on negative values if the force-on-force attrition equations are not “turned off” at the right time. Thus, this paper shows that the addition of continuous replacements/withdrawals to a Lanchester-type model may significantly change the qualitative behavior of the force-level trajectories. Battle-outcome prediction conditions are nevertheless given, and important insights into the dynamics of combat are briefly indicated.     

颠覆性技术发展面临的挑战与对策

信息攻防作战力量既可以独立成军成战,又可以和各军兵种、各种武器平台无缝衔接、联合协同,以发挥无限的战争潜力,是以信息攻防新技术为支撑、以软硬打击新能力为标志的新型作战力量。从核心信息基础设施建设,信息攻击和防护能力建设以及信息攻防协同作战三个方面论述了信息攻防新型作战力量建设的重要问题及战法对策,对信息攻防作战的特点规律和技术手段进行了剖析。     

基于直觉模糊熵的飞行保障效能灰色聚类评估

随着空军在未来战争中越来越重要，飞行保障效能的好坏直接关系到空军战斗力的生成。通过分析飞行保障任务，构建了飞行保障效能评估指标体系，建立了基于直觉模糊熵的动态客观权重模型；运用灰色聚类评估方法对飞行保障效能进行了评估，并结合实例，验证了该方法的有效性，为保障能力的提升提供了参考依据。     

The human consequences of foreign military intervention

The empirical international conflict literature has given much recent attention to interstate armed force’s impact on human well-being. While empirical research has advanced our understanding of the phenomenon considerably, we argue that one conclusion that many studies have reached is preliminary. Some recent research contends that only full-scale war, and not force short of war, has a discernable impact on human welfare or physical quality of life (PQOL). We develop theory on one type of force short of war, large-scale foreign military intervention (FMI), and its potential effects on PQOL. Using interrupted time series and panel corrected standard error methodologies, we find that from 1960 to 2005 large-scale FMI had a statistically and substantively significant impact on the PQOL of populations in 106 developing countries. The specific effect that this type of armed force has depended in large part on the regime type of the target country.     

汲取无人机发展经验指导地面无人装备发展建设

军用无人机在实战中的成功应用和陆军较高的作战伤亡比重使得陆军发展地面无人装备的愿望和需求越来越强烈,但当前军用地面无人装备还处于发展的初期阶段,仍未形成完善的作战体系。本文针对如何促进军用地面无人装备发展和建设,加快战斗力生成,提出借鉴军用无人机成熟的发展经验来指导地面无人装备发展和建设的思路,首先论述了无人作战将成为未来战争主要样式的原因,然后简要归纳了军用无人机的发展经验,最后论述了如何根据军用无人机的发展经验来指导地面无人装备发展和建设,希冀这些建议能够为军队地面无人装备的发展建设提供一定参考。     

A Lanchester-type aggregated-force model of conventional ground combat

This article develops a Lanchester-type model of large-scale conventional ground combat between two opposing forces in a “sector”. It is shown that nonlinear Helmbold-type equations of warfare with operational losses may be used to represent the loss-rate curves that have been used in many aggregated-force models. These nonlinear differential equations are used to model the attrition of combat capability (as quantified by a so-called firepower index) in conjunction with a rate-of-advance equation that relates motion of the contact zone (or FEBA) between the opposing forces to the force ratio and tactical decisions of the combatants. This simplified auxiliary model is then used to develop some important insights into the dynamics of FEBA movement used in large-scale aggregated-force models. Different types of behavior for FEBA movement over time are shown to correspond to different ranges of values for the initial force ratio, for example, an attack will “stall out” for a range of initial force ratios above a specific threshold value, but it will “break out” for force ratios above a second specific threshold value. Such FEBA-movement predictions are essentially based on being able to forecast changes over time in the force ratio.     

从孙子兵法角度审视目标中心战的制胜机制

基于体系对抗的战争特点和我军作战实际情况,提出的目标中心战是现代作战思想的一次凝练及升华。它的制胜机制表现为三个层面：通过选择关键作战目标,提升体系对抗效能;通过影响目标系统功能,谋求局部对抗优势;通过融合体系要素,提高整体对抗能力。     

联合作战筹划中的态势评估

联合作战筹划中的态势评估，是对预设战局有效性的评估，其目的是判断己方能否通过该作战态势取得预期战场优势，达成阶段作战目的。科学、合理的态势评估是构建联合作战筹划链路的重要一环，值得深入探索和研究。     

基于网络中心战背景的Lanchester导弹战斗模型

在对网络中心战进行简要介绍基础上,分析了信息网络与导弹作战效能发挥程度的关系。依据此关系,建立了具有网络中心战背景的Lanchester导弹战斗模型并对此模型进行了讨论。最后以海湾战争中美军导弹攻击策略对此模型进行了初步验证。结果表明该模型能较准确反映信息战体系对抗特点,具有较高可信度。     

数据融合在组网雷达作战效能发挥中的应用

在现代战争中组网雷达由于充分利用了各单部雷达的资源和数据融合技术的优势,使得在探测、定位、跟踪、识别、威胁判断等方面的雷达网整体性能得以大幅度改善,从而使整体作战能力得到极大提高,使其在现代战争尤其是争夺制电磁权方面扮演了越来越重要的角色.介绍了组网雷达的概念并对其所具有的优越作战能力进行了初步探讨和分析,然后阐述了数据融合技术在组网雷达作战效能发挥中的应用,最后从理论研究的角度详细分析了秩K融合规则、贝叶斯推理法、最大似然法等数据融合算法在组网雷达融合发现概率模型的建立及对敌方空袭目标战术意图识别方面的具体应用.     

战役优势参数及其应用研究

数学分析方法在军事行动计划中扮演着越来越显著的角色。对以兰彻斯特作战模型为基础的描述诸兵种合成作战的矩阵微分方程，以及由方程的控制矩阵和状态变量初值，在不解方程的情况下导出的战役优势参数进行了研究；以空战为例讨论了预测战役结局、辅助军事决策、优化兵力部署和规划火力分配等战役优势参数的主要应用；给出了对战役优势参数和数学模型的评价。     

猎击时敏目标的作战机理分析

美军在第二次对伊战争中,以比第一次对伊战争少得多的兵力,更短的准备时间和更少的消耗取得了更大的胜利,对比两次对伊战争中所用的兵器,坦克、主战飞机、战车、轻兵器等主战装备基本还是上次对伊战争的旧兵器,最大的变化是无人机的大量使用,情报系统、战术网络的提升,使战斗能力有极大的提高,这种由系统整合、提升信息化能力、改进指挥控制所产生的作战效能的提升是显著和有效的,代表发展战争潜力的方向。文中以美军对伊战争中主要的作战样式——打击时敏目标为作战想定,建立作战系统猎击时敏目标作战效能模型,对影响作战系统效能的各种因素作定量的分析,揭示作战效能提升的机理。     

Resourcing for defense: Solving the roles and missions puzzle

One of the most important issues facing the post‐Cold War U.S. defense establishment concerns the future allocation of combat tasks and responsibilities among different branches of the armed forces. The challenge is to reduce unnecessary redundancy across roles and missions when resources are highly constrained, without compromising military effectiveness. Defining the policy problem as one of resource allocation rather than operational effectiveness, we develop a methodology for allocating roles and missions. Our methodology focuses at the highest level of force aggregation and uses a mathematical programming model to produce cross‐service cross‐mission trade‐offs that will yield the best total force combat and non‐combat potential within resource consumption constraints.