复杂系统研制阶段可靠性增长的评估模型

针对复杂系统可靠性增长管理中采取延缓修正的故障修正方式，提出了一种系统阶段可靠性增长的评估模型。在阶段ｋ应用Ｂａｙｅｓ定理，得出系统可靠性的点估计、置信区间估计，并对评估结果进行任务周期修正；通过λｋ的先验分布利用前面１，…，ｋ－１阶段试验的信息，在相邻的两个阶段，引入增长因子０＜ηｋ＜１以表现可靠性的增长。最后给出一个应用实例。     

某型平显可靠性增长目标可行性论证研究

旨在通过对某型平显可靠性增长目标可行性论证实践,提出以增长曲线趋势来评估研制和小批生产之中产品各阶段可能达到的可靠性水平的预测方法     

多阶段含延缓纠正的可靠性增长序化建模分析

多阶段含延缓纠正的可靠性增长试验,其各个阶段内的试验数据分别服从参数不同的Weibull过程.针对现场样本少、传统的可靠性评估方法实施困难的问题,首先在获得各阶段形状参数的基础上,对各个阶段截尾时刻的失效强度建立顺序约束关系.然后,运用Bayes方法融合先验信息,获得最末阶段截尾时刻的失效强度的期望与置信上限.该结果融合了历史阶段的样本信息,优于仅利用单个阶段样本的分析结果,适用于多阶段可靠性增长试验的综合评估.     

维修性增长趋势检验研究

对即时改进和延缓改进两种维修性增长规划方式进行了趋势检验研究.针对即时改进的维修性增长规划方式,提出了趋势检验的图示法和Laplace方法.针对延缓改进的维修性增长规划方式,根据修复率(第i阶段的修复率为μi)的顺序约束条件:∞>μm≥…≥μi≥…≥μ2≥μ1>0,探讨了指数分布和正态分布维修性增长趋势检验的区间估计法,并结合数值例说明了这些方法的可行性.     

基于Dirichlet先验分布的模糊可靠性增长模型研究

将模糊理论应用于基于Dirichlet先验分布的Bayes可靠性增长模型,提出了可靠性增长的模糊模型。在对Dirichlet先验分布函数研究的基础上,分析了先验参数的获取方法。针对某水冲压发动机可靠性增长试验使用Dirichlet先验分布模型进行了分析,给出了试验各阶段的先验分布和后验分布,并分析了与先验信息方差有关的参数对后验可靠度的影响。在此基础上,通过引入模糊变量,发展了模糊可靠性增长模型,得到了试验各阶段模糊可靠度。     

可靠性增长试验费用模型研究

基于杜安模型对可靠性增长试验时间和预期所能达到的可靠性水平的基本假设,推出了可靠性增长试验费用模型,并说明了其合理性及适用性.     

一种基于新技术复杂装备的可靠性增长方法

针对新技术复杂装备可靠性增长难的问题,利用可靠性增长理论,结合新技术复杂装备的特点,提出了一种适应于新技术复杂装备可靠性增长的方法。并将其应用于某型无人机系统的可靠性增长,通过2个生产周期达到了预期的可靠性增长目标值。这种方法具有良好的可操作性和经济性,可广泛应用于其他新技术复杂装备的可靠性增长中。     

长春柔性制造系统可靠性增长试验研究

本文利用长春FMS系统的试验数据,从可靠性增长的角度出发,结合统计方法,建立了长春FMS系统的AMSAA可靠增长模型。并依据长春FMS实际系统的运行故障数据对系统进行了可靠性分析,并且初步估算了该系统的可靠性指标。     

火箭发动机可靠性增长评估的Bayes方法

针对火箭发动机分阶段试验,每阶段试验后对发动机出现的故障分析、归零的情况,提出等效试验数据的概念,结合Bayes方法对系统的可靠性增长试验进行评估,并在此基础上给出可靠度的增长分析,最后给出实例进行说明。     

试飞阶段军用飞机任务可靠性增长建模及评估

针对试飞阶段军用飞机可靠性增长的特点,提出一种基于Gamma分布的军用飞机任务可靠性增长建模和评估方法。该方法分析了Gamma分布曲线特点及其与试飞阶段任务可靠性增长过程的符合性。通过某型飞机试飞数据应用,结果表明:该方法可用于试飞阶段军用飞机任务可靠性增长建模和评估。     

Military Expenditure,Endogeneity and Economic Growth

Abstract

While not always a concern for the general economic growth literature, the debate over the effects of military spending on growth continues to develop, with no consensus, but a deepening understanding of the limitations of previous work. One important issue that has not been adequately dealt with is the endogeneity of military spending in the growth equation, mainly because of the difficulty of finding any variables that would make adequate instruments. This paper considers this issue, using an endogenous growth model estimated on a large sample of 109 non-high-income countries for the period 1998–2012. The empirical analysis is framed within an instrumental variable setting that exploits the increase in military spending that occurs when unrest in a country escalates to turmoil. The estimation results show that endogeneity arising from reverse causality is a crucial issue, with the instrumental variable estimates providing a larger significant negative effect of military spending on growth than OLS would. This result is found to be robust to different sources of heterogeneity and different time periods.     

紊流火焰生长的现象学模型

提出了一个紊流火焰生长的现象学模型,将预混合燃烧紊流火焰的生长过程与火焰瞬时尺度和基本的紊流特性参数联系起来,描述了火焰从层流传播到充分发展的紊流传播的全过程。计算结果与测量数据的比较显示了较好的一致性。     

装备维修性增长及其基本过程研究

为了解决当前装备的维修性问题，揭示维修性发展的一般规律，进行了维修性增长的研究。首先阐明了装备维修性形成与演变的一般规律，继而提出了维修性增长的概念，重点研究了维修性增长的内涵与增长的一般过程，最后对解决增长问题所需的模型进行了分类，为增长技术的深入研究奠定了基础。     

Military Expenditure,Economic Growth and Heterogeneity

This paper examines the impact of military expenditure on economic growth on a large balanced panel, using an exogenous growth model and dynamic panel data methods for 106 countries over the period 1988–2010. A major focus of the paper is to consider the possibility group heterogeneity and non-linearity. Having estimated the model for all of the countries in the panel and finding that military burden has a negative effect on growth in the short and long run, the panel is broken down into various groupings based upon a range of potentially relevant factors, and the robustness of the results is evaluated. The factors considered are different levels of income, conflict experience, natural resources abundance, openness and aid. The estimates for the different groups are remarkably consistent with those for the whole panel, providing strong support for the argument that military spending has adverse effects on growth. There are, however, some intriguing results that suggest that for certain types of countries military spending has no significant effect on growth.     

Growth and Fiscal Consequences of Terrorism in Nigeria

Abstract

In spite of government counter-terrorism expenditure and efforts, the incidence of terrorism in Nigeria appears to be rising. This paper examines the growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in Nigeria by estimating the terrorism–macroeconomy relation using different measures of terror incidence. The results show that terrorism has an economically and statistically significant negative impact on growth; although this impact is considerably small and short-lived, manifesting only after a lag of about three years. Specifically, the cost of terrorism to Nigeria, in terms of lost GDP per annum, is estimated at 0.82%. Moreover, there is evidence that terrorism leads to the reallocation of economic activity away from private investment spending to government spending; that is, terrorism crowds out investment at a higher rate than its potential to crowd in government spending. Lastly, terrorism alters the composition of government expenditure – with the defence component of government expenditure rising vis-a-vis other expenditure items. The results are robust to allowing for dynamic interactions between terrorism and macroeconomic aggregates.     

装备维修性增长的Gompertz模型

为提高和完善装备的维修性,初步提出维修性增长的模型,分别利用Virene算法和最小二乘法估计Gompertz模型参数,通过Gompertz模型预测装备未来的维修性水平,最后结合维修性增长试验数据,运用实例说明了2种方法的合理性.计算结果表明,运用最小二乘法估计Gompertz模型参数更加准确.     

互联网大数据可用性增长方式研究

随着信息技术的发展,特别是物理信息系统、互联网、社交网络等技术的突飞猛进,数据爆炸性增长的同时,劣质数据也随之而来,数据可用性受到严重影响。近年来,学术界和工业界开始研究数据可用性问题,取得了一些的研究成果,但是针对互联网大数据可用性问题的研究工作还很少。文章从大数据的发展现状分析入手,概述了大数据可用性的挑战,探讨了大数据可用性方面的研究问题。通过机器翻译案例,指出了互联网大数据可用性增长的可能途径。     

Causal Linkages Between Domestic Terrorism and Economic Growth

We use the Hsiao–Granger method to test for terrorism–growth causality for seven Western European countries. In bivariate settings, the impact of economic performance on domestic terrorism is very strong. In trivariate settings, the impact of performance on terrorism diminishes. In general, we find that economic performance leads terrorist violence in robust ways only for three out of seven countries. Terrorism is almost never found to causally influence growth in bivariate and trivariate specifications. Our findings indicate that the role of economic performance in determining terrorist violence appears to have been important for some countries, whereas all attacked economies have been successful in adjusting to the threat of terrorism.     

Military Spending and Growth: The Role of Institutions

Recent literature on whether military spending affects economic growth argues that the relationship may be a conditional one. We add to this literature by considering the role that ‘good institutions’ play in the effect of military spending on growth. Using data from a sample of over 100 countries from 1988 to 2010, our analysis suggests that the effect of military spending on growth is generally negative or zero at best, and this effect is mitigated in the presence of good economic and political institutions.