Target selection in lanchester combat: Heterogeneous forces and time-dependent attrition-rate coefficients

We develop solutions to two fire distribution problems for a homogeneous force in Lanchester combat against heterogeneous enemy forces. The combat continues over a period of time with a choice of tactics available to the homogeneous force and subject to change with time. In these idealized combat situations the lethality of each force's fire (as expressed by the Lanchester attrition-rate coefficient) depends upon time. Optimal fire distribution rules are developed through the combination of Lanchester-type equations for combat attrition and deterministic optimal control theory (Pontryagin maximum principle). Additionally, the theory of state variable inequality constraints is used to treat the nonnegativity of force levels. The synthesis of optimal fire distribution policies was facilitated by exploiting special mathematical structures in these problems.     

多机协同目标与火力资源分配

在协同空战中,快速正确的空战决策是己方战机少受敌方伤害并取得战争胜利的前提。目标与火力资源分配是决策过程的重要部分。多机空战与单机空战相比有明显的不同,不同之处是面临多个敌方目标,根据我方资源最优分配作战对象和火力,基于遗传算法实现了两种算法的有人无人目标与火力资源分配。仿真结果表明,带有毁伤概率门限的算法既节省火力资源又快速有效。     

坦克连最优火力分配

坦克连火力分配方案的科学与否将直接关系到火力打击的整体效果。为了提高坦克连火力分配方案的科学合理性,力求结合我坦克连作战的实际,在充分考虑火力分配影响因素的基础上,建立了最优火力分配模型,这对于我坦克连充分发扬火力和提高整体作战能力具有重要的指导意义。     

On the isbell and marlow fire programming problem

A complete solution is derived to the Isbell and Marlow fire programming problem. The original work of Isbell and Marlow has been extended by determining the regions of the initial state space from which optimal paths lead to each of the terminal states of combat. The solution process has involved determining the domain of controllability for each of the terminal states of combat and the determination of dispersal surfaces. This solution process suggests a solution procedure applicable to a wider class of tactical allocation problems, terminal control attrition differential games. The structure of optimal target engagement policies in “fights to the finish” is discussed.     

Optimal motion planning in rapid‐fire combat situations with attacker uncertainty

This article provides a modeling framework for quantifying cost and optimizing motion plans in combat situations with rapid weapon fire, multiple agents, and attacker uncertainty characterized by uncertain parameters. Recent developments in numerical optimal control enable the efficient computation of numerical solutions for optimization problems with multiple agents, nonlinear dynamics, and a broad class of objectives. This facilitates the application of more realistic, equipment‐based combat models, which track both more realistic models, which track both agent motion and dynamic equipment capabilities. We present such a framework, along with a described algorithm for finding numerical solutions, and a numerical example.     

地空导弹群火力优化分配模型

地空导弹群火力优化分配是对多批空中目标分别选择最有效的地空导弹火力单元进行拦截,形成最佳兵力、兵器使用方案,它是地空导弹武器指控系统的一项重要功能。从研究地空导弹群火力优化分配过程出发,建立了地空导弹拦截适宜性检查模型、射击优先度指标计算模型和火力分配方案优化模型,为仿真地空导弹群火力优化分配过程提供了模型依据。     

战役优势参数及其应用研究

数学分析方法在军事行动计划中扮演着越来越显著的角色。对以兰彻斯特作战模型为基础的描述诸兵种合成作战的矩阵微分方程，以及由方程的控制矩阵和状态变量初值，在不解方程的情况下导出的战役优势参数进行了研究；以空战为例讨论了预测战役结局、辅助军事决策、优化兵力部署和规划火力分配等战役优势参数的主要应用；给出了对战役优势参数和数学模型的评价。     

改进的遗传算法在导弹火力分配中的应用

弹道导弹系统是一个非常复杂的系统,有其自身的特点,其造价昂贵,数量有限,发射点也很分散.因此,火力分配问题在弹道导弹射击中具有极为重要的地位.尤其对于常规战术弹道导弹,火力分配的合理与否将直接影响作战效果与战斗力的发挥.根据地地战术导弹的作战运用特点,建立了导弹火力分配的优化模型;详细介绍了一种改进的遗传算法,将其应用于火力分配优化模型的求解,通过算例比较,证明该改进算法更能有效快速地找到最优解.     

陆战武器网络化火控系统的模型框架与信息流程

基于陆军作战分队网络化作战体系,设计了陆战武器网络化火控系统的组成与模型、协同作战模式与系统信息流程,总结了网络化火控系统的发展应用前景,将为陆战武器网络化火控系统的技术突破、功能实现、产品设计奠定基础。     

舰载弹炮结合近程反导武器系统火力分配模型研究

为最大程度发挥弹炮结合武器系统的作战效能,引入优化设计方法求取最大毁伤概率,建立了基于毁伤概率的火力分配模型。该模型将弹炮结合武器系统导弹和火炮的火力分配转化为导弹火力分配。根据导弹杀伤纵深和发射间隔确定导弹发射数量。根据导弹在杀伤区内毁伤概率特性,确定导弹发射时机。     

超视距反舰导弹射击方式优化选择

射击方式的选择是反舰导弹作战使用的重要内容。在超视距作战需求的牵引下,传统视距反舰导弹的射击方式受到了巨大挑战。为优化选择超视距反舰导弹的射击方式,建立了两种常用射击方式的导弹捕捉概率模型和目标机动模型,给出一种典型条件不同目标机动航向的导弹捕捉概率,结果表明采用有前置量方式射击无法有效提高超视距导弹的捕捉概率,甚至在某些典型条件下还低于无前置量方式射击的捕捉概率,指出无前置方式是超视距反舰导弹射击的优选方式。     

陆军武器火控系统的发展趋势

介绍了陆军武器装备火控系统的作战使命和工作原理,分析了信息化作战条件下,陆军武器火控系统的作用和使用需求,提出了未来陆军武器火控系统体系网络化、操纵智能化、功能一体化、性能精准化、结构模块化的发展趋势,分析了需对应突破的关键技术。     

Differential-game examination of optimal time-sequential fire-support strategies

Optimal time-sequential fire-support strategies are studied through a two-person zero-sum deterministic differential game with closed-loop (or feedback) strategies. Lanchester-type equations of warfare are used in this work. In addition to the max-min principle, the theory of singular extremals is required to solve this prescribed-duration combat problem. The combat is between two heterogeneous forces, each composed of infantry and a supporting weapon system (artillery). In contrast to previous work reported in the literature, the attrition structure of the problem at hand leads to force-level-dependent optimal fire-support strategies with the attacker's optimal fire-support strategy requiring him to sometimes split his artillery fire between enemy infantry and artillery (counterbattery fire). A solution phenomnon not previously encountered in Lanchester-type differential games is that the adjoint variables may be discontinuous across a manifold of discontinuity for both players' strategies. This makes the synthesis of optimal strategies particularly difficult. Numerical examples are given.     

The multivariate Polya distribution in combat modeling

This paper investigates the multivariate Polya distribution (MPD) for application in combat models for which enemy targets must be randomly assigned to fighting units. Six sets of actual combat data motivate the allocation model. Scenarios include air‐to‐air combat, tank, and submarine warfare. Goodness of fit tests are derived which verify the validity of the MPD, and reinforce the notion that multinomial allocation is too simplistic for such combat models. Simulations to determine optimal allocations for minimal combat cost are applied in order to illustrate the role of the MPD in combat modeling. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 1–17, 2001     

The salvo combat model with area fire

This article analyzes versions of the salvo model of missile combat where area fire is used by one or both sides in a battle. Although these models share some properties with the area fire Lanchester model and the aimed fire salvo model, they also display some interesting differences, especially over the course of several salvos. Although the relative size of each force is important with aimed fire, with area fire, it is the absolute size that matters. Similarly, although aimed fire exhibits square law behavior, area fire shows approximately linear behavior. When one side uses area fire and the other uses aimed fire, the model displays a mix of square and linear law behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 60: 652–660, 2013     

大机动格斗及近距空战的若干问题

较系统地综述了大机动格斗的一些基本战术和技术概念,引入了超机动性的一些度量,然后提出了使用具有刚体性质的质点飞机模型的可行性.最后提出在大机动格斗实战环境中,火力控制需要解决的若干问题.     

合成分队动态武器目标分配协同决策模型

针对合成分队地面作战特点,提出了一种动态武器目标分配的协同决策模型,该模型基于一种自适应决策中心的协同决策体系结构,以战场信息共享为核心,实现动态火力协同优化分配。提出了针对战场应急目标的一种快速火力分配方法,提高火力整体打击效率的火力适度分配优化方法,适应战场态势动态变化的anytime终止控制方法。仿真实例表明,该模型能够满足合成分队火力动态分配的需求,提高动态武器目标分配决策的合理性和科学性。     

基于改进遗传算法的防空火力优化分配方法

结合地空导弹部队防空作战的特点,提出了基于改进遗传算法的防空火力优化分配模型,给出了模型求解的方法和步骤,详细阐述了改进遗传算法在防空火力分配中的应用,通过在计算机上仿真运行实例得出了火力分配方案,通过仿真证明本方法运算速度较快,结果精度较高,对地面防空火力分配决策研究具有一定的参考价值。     

炮控系统性能测试方法

炮控系统是战车的重要组成部分,其性能的好坏直接影响到火控系统的反应时间和射击精度。对比了炮控系统角位移量测量方案,并对CCD坐-标靶方法作了改进,既能保证足够的测量精度和测量范围,又有较高的性能价格比。     

越肩发射次最优火控系统设计

在非线性导弹火力控制设计方面 ,相关黎卡提方程 (SDRE)理论证明是一种系统而高效的方法。对于越肩发射火控系统而言 ,在攻击载机后方目标的过程中 ,机载设备往往只能获取目标的角度信息 ,即非完全目标信息。本文基于非完全目标信息 ,采用非线性 SDRE状态调节器理论 ,设计越肩发射次最优火控系统 ,求得系统的局部渐进稳定次优解 ,用以实现“越肩”火控过程