考虑系统偏差的脉冲星守时算法研究

脉冲星拥有高度稳定的自转周期,可用对其的观测信息来校正星载原子钟钟差。针对脉冲星守时系统中脉冲到达时间的微小偏差会严重影响守时精度的问题,提出一种考虑系统偏差的脉冲星守时算法。基于脉冲星守时的基本原理,梳理了影响守时系统性能的系统偏差因素,并建立了模型。利用二步卡尔曼滤波算法,在估计原子钟钟差的同时,解耦估计系统偏差。研究结果表明,本算法可以有效地降低系统偏差对脉冲星守时系统的影响。该算法为脉冲星守时系统的工程实现提供了一条可行的思路。     

低导航精度下多舰雷达数据空间配准方法

海上多舰火控雷达数据融合系统中,导航数据精度低、地球表面不平坦都将给传感器数据的空间配准带来工程实现困难。提出一种基于雷达相对定位的多平台观测数据配准方法,用于解决以罗兰C为主要导航设备的多舰数据配准问题。性能分析和仿真实验表明,该方法对导航设备精度的要求不高,具有较强的实用性。     

应急辅助定位及精度评估方法研究

在可视导航卫星数少于四颗、无法进行传统导航解算的恶劣环境下,导航接收机可利用外部高程气压计提供的高程或者内部守时模块的钟差等信息进行应急辅助定位。在该应急辅助定位工作模式的误差分析中,传统导航定位误差传递模型无法适用。针对此问题,本文在研究三星结合高程、三星结合钟差、双星结合高程钟差等几种应急辅助定位原理的基础上,给出了新的应急辅助定位误差传递的分析模型,利用仿真算例验证了该模型的正确性。通过对定位精度的分析,说明根据卫星分布特点可以按照本文方法量化得到伪距测量与辅助信息的精度的最优数量级关系,可以用最小代价实现定位精度的提升。该结论可指导接收机外部辅助器件的选择。     

双伪测量的多水下航行器移动长基线协同导航算法

用最近邻理论研究了基于移动长基线的多AUV协同导航.移动长基线多AUV协同导航结构中,主AUV内部装备高精度导航设备,从AUV内部装备低精度导航设备,外部均装备水声装置测量相对位置关系,利用协同导航融合内部和外部传感器信息,实现从AUV进行实时导航定位.基于最近邻理论,建立了双伪测量的数学模型,设计了协同导航算法,进行了数学仿真研究.研究结果表明,在双领航者结构下,通过构建双伪测量可以显著提高群体的导航定位精度.     

GNSS应急辅助定位及精度评估方法研究

在可视卫星数少于4颗、无法进行传统导航解算的恶劣环境下,导航接收机可利用外部高程气压计提供的高程或者内部守时模块的钟差等信息进行应急辅助定位。在该应急辅助定位工作模式的误差分析中,传统导航定位误差传递模型无法适用。针对此问题,本文在研究三星结合高程、三星结合钟差、双星结合高程钟差等几种应急辅助定位原理的基础上,给出了新的应急辅助定位误差传递的分析模型,利用仿真算例验证了该模型的正确性。最后通过对定位精度的分析,说明根据卫星分布特点可以按照本文方法量化得到伪距测量与辅助信息的精度的最优数量级关系,可以用最小代价实现定位精度的提升。该结论可指导接收机外部辅助器件的选择。     

一种提高防空导弹武器系统守时精度的方法

随着现代战争逐步向以网络为中心的信息化作战的发展,为赢得战场主动权,提高信息资源的实际应用性,对作战系统内的时统提出了更高要求。剖析了系统守时误差的来源,针对以网络时码数据和准秒脉冲进行校时的系统,提出了一种提高系统守时精度的方法——误差比例修正法,该方法采用自适应修正功能,使系统在失去准秒校时后的较长时间内仍能保持一定的守时精度,并且成功在某型号防空导弹武器系统中运用,试验结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

卫星导航技术专题讲座(三) 第5讲 卫星导航增强技术

卫星导航的应用将导航带入了新纪元,然而现有卫星导航技术仍然在精度、可用性、完好性以及连续性等方面无法满足很多场合下的应用需求。为了提升卫星导航系统的性能,人们采用了多种手段来增强基本卫星导航系统的性能。文中讨论了多种常见增强技术和系统,分析其工作原理及相应的性能特性。增强系统作为基本系统的有效补充,今后仍将会在导航技术的发展中扮演重要角色。     

某舰炮检测仪精度测量电路的设计

本文对某舰炮瞄准随动系统的精度测量问题进行了研究。根据随动系统的统计分析理论,提出用超差计时电子线路实现舰炮瞄准随动系统的精度测量,简化了测试方法和测试设备,可供检测仪器设计工作者参考。     

ADTA-1：一种嵌入式异构双核微处理器

针对多核日益严重的功耗问题,利用异步技术在低功耗方面的优势,结合数据触发结构设计并实现了一种嵌入式异构双核微处理器(ADTA-1).该设计将异步设计应用于嵌入式多核微处理器中,并在芯片中对异步微处理器进行了测试,验证了异步电路在多核微处理器中的有效性和低功耗特性,为进一步设计和实现低功耗异步多核微处理器进行了有益的探索.     

在组合导航中应用H∞滤波来提高精度的研究

目前,Kalman滤波在组合导航中的应用已很广泛,但是,在系统模型和干扰噪声不确定的情况下,误差出现发散,精度下降.H∞滤波由于对系统模型不确定性和外界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性,可以提高滤波性能和精度.对这两种滤波方法用于导弹组合导航中的性能进行了分析.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.