基于元深度强化学习方法的智能博弈决策模型研究

针对陆军装甲分队博弈对抗决策问题,在分析深度强化学习方法在构建智能博弈对抗决策模型适用性基础上,对基于马尔科夫决策过程的陆军装甲分队博弈对抗过程模型进行了形式化描述,提出了基于元深度强化学习的博弈对抗决策模型,给出了分队战术平台下基于元深度强化学习的智能博弈对抗策略生成与优化框架.研究成果可为智能博弈对抗问题的解决提供一种思路.     

战时经济战的主要功能与作战样式

现代战争中,经济战被作为战争的辅助手段而频繁使用。它贯穿于战争全程,起到一般军事作战行为无法替代的特殊功效。战时经济战不仅破坏敌方经济基础、削弱战争潜力,还冲击敌方心理防线、瓦解敌方斗志;不仅能配合己方军事斗争、推进战争进程,还能有效遏制武力正面冲突,降低对抗强度。经济战的样式主要有经济制裁、经济封锁、经济打击和经济占取等。     

机载软硬杀伤武器协同作战决策研究

针对现代战争中空战双机对抗时软硬杀伤性武器协同作战的问题,构建了基于模糊评价方法与博弈论的软硬杀伤武器协同作战的决策方法,采用层次分析法和模糊数学方法对机载软硬杀伤武器的对抗性能指标进行模糊综合评价,并将其作为双机对抗博弈时的盈利函数参数来控制博弈的盈利,建立了双机对抗的博弈模型,实现混合策略在博弈决策中的应用,最后给出决策算例,验证其在机载软硬杀伤武器协同作战时优化决策的有效性。     

科索沃战争中的指挥对抗

科索沃战争的硝烟早已散尽,回眸这场战争,不难发现,指挥对抗是贯穿始终的一条主线,达场战争是指挥对抗在高技术条件下局部战争中的又一实践。北约借技术优势恃强凌弱美军70年代后期提出了指挥、控制和通信对抗概念,随着认识的深入,逐步演化成为指挥控制战,即“在情报的支援下,综合利用作战保密、军事欺骗、心理战、电子战和实体摧毁等手段,阻止敌方获取信息,并影响、削弱和摧毁敌方的指挥和控制能力,同时保护己方指挥和控制能力免受类似行动的影响”。指挥控制战(我军叫指挥对抗)已发展成为美军联合作战的一种重要的作战策略。北约在科     

体系攻防条件下的多阶段目标选择模型

针对体系攻防对抗条件下的目标选择问题,提出了一个基于完全信息序贯博弈的多阶段目标选择模型。该模型分析了目标体系攻防的博弈过程,使用动态贝叶斯网络描述了对抗双方策略对博弈状态的影响,将目标选择问题转化为标准的博弈树对策问题求解。然后设计了一种消除目标体系结构中与或子树的方法,以简化目标选择策略空间。最后通过案例说明了使用逆向归纳法求解目标选择策略的过程。结果表明,该模型和方法能够在体系攻防、目标间具有复杂层次关联的条件下为目标选择决策提供辅助。     

基于综合势力图的态势估计方法

在AI兵棋对抗中,能够更全面地理解态势信息是AI棋手获胜的前提条件.提出了基于综合势力图的态势估计方法,阐述了势力图的原理和一般生成过程,提出基于综合势力图的态势分析框架;将AI兵棋的静态信息、经验信息和动态信息计算叠加形成综合势力图,在此基础上分析敌方位置、视野以及火力威胁等态势相关信息,得到态势估计结果,为AI决策提供信息支撑;基于AI兵棋推演平台进行内置规则AI和基于势力图的AI之间的对抗实验,实验结果表明该方法能够提升AI决策的准确性,提高AI在兵棋对抗中的胜率.     

信息化战场的指挥对抗

指挥对抗,是指围绕破坏敌方的指挥和指挥系统,保护己方的指挥和指挥系统免遭破坏而进行的一系列对抗行动的总和。信息化战场上,由于信息技术的发展及其在军事领域里的广泛运用,军队的指挥环境发生了极其深刻的变化,这一变化在推动指挥效能不断提高的同时,使指挥对抗更趋激烈,并表现出许多新的特点。指挥对抗成为相对独立的作战动力从历史上看,指挥对抗几乎和战争的历史一样悠久,但是在以往的战争中,     

舰艇协同作战导弹防御模型研究

舰艇协同作战是未来战争的主要作战形式,导弹防御是其主要的作战职责.运用信息论的方法对舰艇协同作战中敌方导弹发射策略的不确定性进行建模,运用可靠性理论对协作效果进行建模,并引进知识的概念作为其度量,同时用边的函数对网络复杂性进行建模,综合这两种因素在以最大化防御时间为总的决策目标,以己方导弹储备和敌方来袭速率为决策因素对导弹防御作出辅助决策.     

基于对抗分析的战略博弈推演方法

大国博弈日趋激烈,战略博弈推演逐渐成为各国面对战略博弈问题进行评估决策的重要方法。立足战略博弈特征,提出基于对抗分析的战略博弈推演方法,从战略博弈中各推演方针对策略选项的立场、意图和质疑等认知信息描述推演场景,识别当前场景各推演方存在的冲突矛盾点,评估战略态势,并构建多阶段战略博弈推演模型。通过示例表明该方法分析战略博弈问题的可行性与适用性,可为指挥决策提供支撑。     

电脑黑客的研究意义及对抗效果

综述了黑客对网络的巨大破坏性及在军事上的攻击方法,就保护己方网络免受黑客破坏的防范措施、黑客闯入己方网络后的补救方法,及黑客对抗的消长等问题进行了探讨     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.