直升机反水雷扩方搜扫建模与航路优化

针对水雷障碍清除中如何迅速查明雷线位置的问题,提出了反水雷直升机扩方搜扫的方法,给出了两种扩方搜扫样式;结合反水雷直升机的飞行特性,通过对水雷雷线布设样式的分析,建立了直升机反水雷扩方搜扫航路模型和两种扩方搜扫作战样式下搜扫航路边界确定模型,并对直升机扩方搜扫概率和航路优化建模分析;最后,通过实例和结果分析证明了模型的正确性,为反水雷直升机航路优化和方案制订提供了决策依据。     

基于遗传算法的自导水雷雷位优化

自导水雷作为一种新式智能水雷,在现代海上战争中有举足轻重的地位。为提高由自导水雷组成的雷障对通过目标的拦截概率,首先对自导水雷的目标探测系统进行建模,获得自导水雷在战场环境下的控制水域范围,然后基于遗传算法,对自导水雷的布雷位置进行优化。通过对优化前后多个目标通过雷障时的情况进行仿真,获得目标在雷位优化前后的平均触雷概率,验证了采用遗传算法优化后自导水雷布设雷位的优越性,对自导水雷的雷位布设具有指导意义。     

国外反水雷舰艇撷英

反水雷舰艇是反水雷作战的主要武器装备,它有扫雷舰艇和猎雷舰艇之分。扫雷舰艇一般装载或拖带有电磁、声频和接触扫雷具等,以扫爆相应引信的水雷。除此还拖带了截割扫雷具以割断锚雷雷索,使水雷浮起再用火炮将其击毁。猎雷舰艇则是先用探测距离远、分辨能力强的猎雷声纳发现并识别水雷,然后派蛙人或遥控深潜灭雷具投放炸药包炸毁水雷。猎雷与扫雷的最大区别是,猎雷与被扫水雷装什么引信无关,且不受水雷引信定次、定时的影响。但猎雷的速度因要逐个销毁水雷而比扫雷速度慢。因此一些国家还研制了兼顾猎、扫雷任务的反水雷舰艇,以达到较为理想的反水雷效果。     

基于引导通过作战的水雷规避问题

在遭遇水雷目标时,水面舰艇需按一定航线进行规避,如何制定规避航线、计算规避区域的安全通过概率,对舰船航渡过程中的安全性至关重要。针对此问题,根据猎雷具声纳探测区域的分布特点,通过计算不同规避航线的规避区域面积,解算出舰船规避单枚水雷目标的安全概率,为建立反水雷雷区穿越模型提供了基础。     

登陆作战海军水雷破障建模与应用

扫除抗登陆方水雷障碍,既是登陆作战的重要环节,也是保障三军联合破除敌抗登陆水际障碍的前提条件.根据抗登陆方水雷情况想定,研究三军联合破障中海军扫雷兵力的运用,创新性地提出了将水雷分为3种类型分别进行分析量化处理的方法,并以此建立了切合实际的海军扫雷模型.根据该模型研制的海军水雷破障辅助决策系统,可以完成已知扫雷时间、扫雷兵力和扫雷率这3个最主要扫雷参数之间的互相求解问题,为指挥员决策提供了定量的客观依据.     

前事不忘 后事之师——写在“饥饿战役”50周年之际(上)

二次世界大战期间,美国对日本布设的强大攻势水雷雷障,被一些军事评论家称为三大克敌制胜因素之一。50年后的今天,重温这段水雷战历史,相信读者会从中得到有益的启示。     

咨询园地

读者肖磊问有的水雷在海底,为什么能将水面舰船炸沉?布设在海底及海底附近的水雷一般有沉底水雷、火箭上浮水雷和自导水雷等几类。沉底雷布放后停留在海底。当其打击水面舰艇时,其布设区域一般在60米以下的浅水区。当打击潜艇时,其布深一般在100～200米。沉底雷的雷体中装置着炸药、引信和其它仪器仪表。水雷探测到水面目标信息并进行分析、识别,确认是敌舰后,当目标到达水雷动作区域,沉底雷的非触发引信动作引爆水雷,击伤击沉水面     

航空水雷空投布放试验边界条件分析

航空水雷空投布放试验是飞机检验其布雷任务可靠度指标的最重要环节。运用空气动力学原理,给出了航空水雷空投布放试验的边界条件分析研究方法,在VB环境下对水雷的空中弹道进行了仿真计算,并分析了投雷高度、投雷速度对空中弹道的影响,研究结果为航空水雷空投布放试验方案设计提供了技术支撑。     

反潜水雷陷阱及其效能模型

针对传统反潜手段的不足,结合水雷武器特点,提出了利用水雷与诱饵相结合,构建反潜水雷陷阱打击潜艇的新思路。以圆弧形反潜水雷陷阱为重点,建立了陷阱的效能计算模型,并根据目标潜艇进入陷阱时的航向、航迹偏差等因素对陷阱打击效能的影响,对陷阱的效能模型进行了修正,以提高模型的适应性。最后,利用陷阱效能模型进行了仿真计算和分析,计算结果表明了这种反潜水雷陷阱的可行性及其效能计算模型的正确性。     

国外猎雷技术的新发展

随着电子技术的迅猛发展,水雷引信日趋多样化和智能化,不仅装有接收各种目标信号的传感器,同时还装有微处理机,使水雷能处理来自各种传感器的数据,并增加了多种抗扫功能。从而使传统的用扫雷舰扫除水雷的方法日益暴露出盲目性、被动性和危险性。因此,促使各国海军寻找新的反水雷手段,猎雷是各国反水雷专家经过长期探索找到的一种新的反水雷途径。采用猎雷方法可在指定海域清除各种水雷,而不需要考虑敌方所布的水雷装有什么引信和战术附属装置(如定时器和定次器     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.