无人机飞行训练资源配置效率的AHP-Arena综合评价方法

为降低传统层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)赋权过程主观片面性影响,提出了一种综合AHP与Arena仿真建模技术的无人机训练资源配置效率评价方法。基于飞行训练流程分析,确定了训练资源配置效率影响因素和效率评价指标,建立了层次型综合评价体系,概括了AHP-Arena综合评价步骤。利用Arena建模软件构建训练流程动态仿真系统并验证有效性,采用单变量数值仿真法、均方差决策法完成了影响因素客观赋权,通过线性加权综合法得出综合评价系数,实现资源配置效率评价与方案优选。实例应用说明了该方法的有效性,同时,该方法可推广至其他类似的训练过程中,亦可为其他多因素、多指标评价决策过程提供借鉴。     

灰色层次聚类法在通信对抗装备效能评估中的应用

通过研究指标权重确定和灰类的划分方法,结合层次分析的思想,提出了灰色层次聚类评估法.通过建立三层评价指标体系,采用三角白化权函数定义灰类,运用"集成赋权法"对各指标赋权,在对单项指标评估的基础上,该模型能完成对效能的综合评估.仿真计算表明该模型能够充分利用主观和客观信息,较为准确地反映实际情况,适用于通抗装备的效能分析...     

基于组合赋权和云模型的部队管理绩效评价方法

针对部队管理绩效影响因素复杂,难以客观定量评价的问题,从权重确定和评价方法选择两个方面进行改进和完善研究。为避免信息的丢失和扭曲,提出了一种组合赋权法来确定指标权重,并将云模型引入到部队管理绩效评价,从而建立了基于组合赋权-云模型的评价方法,通过与模糊综合评价的结果对比,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

多分辨率建模在战役推演仿真系统中的应用

战役推演仿真系统中存在大量分布在不同层次上的实体,为了使这些实体高效运行,同时保证相关信息能正确交互,研究了几种典型的多分辨率建模方法,并在分析战役推演仿真系统结构的基础上提出了一种面向多分辨率建模的仿真模块体系结构,建立了层次关系表、运行实体关系表、参数映射类和聚合解聚触发事件列表来保证多分辨率模型之间运行数据的一致性,同时避免链式解聚的问题.通过实验,按该体系结构建立的仿真系统能正确运行多分辨率模型,该框架为建立基于多分辨率建模的仿真系统提供了一定的技术支撑.     

大型相控阵雷达系统安全性综合评价

针对大型相控阵雷达系统安全性因素多、评价困难的特点，分析并建立了大型相控阵雷达系统安全评价指标体系。提出了一种基于改进模糊层次分析法、熵权法和拉格朗日算法确定综合权重的方法，并建立了雷达系统安全性模糊综合评价模型。以某型大型相控阵雷达系统的安全性评价为例，运用所提方法确定该雷达系统的安全性指标综合权重，并进行安全性综合评价。将该方法与传统AHP评价法进行对比分析，验证了该方法的科学性和合理性。     

基于IGAHP-IEW-GT-MCGC的装备体系方案质量评价模型

针对装备体系方案质量评价指标体系不够全面,通过运用鱼骨图分析法对各类影响因素进行综合分析,并从稳定度和有效度角度优化分析指标,以确定合理适用的装备体系方案质量评价指标体系;针对赋权过程中存在的不确定性,采用IGAHP(Improved Group Analytic Hierarchy Process,IGAHP)-IEW(Improved Entropy Weight,IEW)-GT(Game Theory,GT)相结合的方法,对评价指标体系各指标进行了赋权;针对原始数据处理和评价过程中的不确定性性,运用云重心评判法(Membership Cloud Gravity Center,MCGC)对装备体系方案质量的进行综合评价,以得出定性与定量评价结果。最后,以某装备体系方案为对象进行示例评价,验证了模型的合理性和适用性。     

基于HLA的单兵系统编配效能仿真

建立了基于HLA的数字化步兵作战仿真系统,介绍了该仿真系统的组成及其模型体系,并在此仿真系统上按照不同编配方案进行单兵系统的作战仿真.同时建立了单兵系统的效能评价指标体系,通过层次分析法确定各级指标权重,结合灰靶理论对仿真结果进行评价分析,从而确定编配方案的优劣.     

陆空火力协同仿真推演验证系统设计

针对陆空联合作战中火力协同方案制订、验证手段方法的不足,采用计算机仿真的方法,从安全防误伤的角度对陆空火力协同方案进行了仿真推演评估。分析了功能需求和体系结构,建立了武器装备运动轨迹模型和陆空火力协同安全性判别模型,研究了仿真时钟推进机制和提高仿真速度的方法,设计了陆空火力协同仿真推演验证系统。作战演习应用表明：该系统仿真推演验证快速、准确、便捷、有效。     

面向作战决策智能体的融合赋权评估方法

在兵棋等对抗性作战实验环境下,通过使用基于强化学习方法训练的智能体进行仿真推演,能够检验作战决策效果,达到辅助决策的目的。针对当前作战决策智能体评估往往采用胜率这一单一数据指标的局限,提出了一种基于融合赋权的综合评估方法。通过构建涵盖作战决策有效性、作战意图实现性、作战环境适应性、智能体训练效率、智能体训练体系和智能体训练方法等技战术效果指标的评估体系,然后使用主客观方法对不同类型指标进行赋权,再根据指标性质将权值融合进入评估体系,实现基于融合权重的智能体决策效果评估。构建了陆上合成分队进攻作战场景,利用该方法对6个智能体进行评估验证,能够获得智能体的综合排名,有效避免了单一指标的评估局限。该方法对作战决策智能体评估提供了新的思路,符合作战环境需要,具有一定的应用价值。     

基于ANP和熵的起重机械吊装训练评价组合赋权法

为了给起重机械吊装训练提供一个科学的评价模型,采用了基于网络层次分析法(ANP)与熵值法集成的组合赋权法建立起重机械吊装评价方法。首先分析了影响吊装训练的关键因素,在此基础上建立一个科学的评价指标体系;然后运用网络层次分析法分析各指标间相互影响的关系并确定主观赋值权重,用熵值法根据各指标的客观属性确定客观赋值权重;最后通过组合赋权法确定各指标的最终权重,使评价结果既反映出各指标的客观属性,同时也能考虑到决策者或者专家的意见。应用结果表明,该方法确定的权重更符合吊装训练的实际。     

如何在课程教学中培养学员的素质和能力

如何实施素质教育是教育改革中的重要课题,本文根据教学实际,结合教学过程和教学内容对学员进行学习指导,提出培养学员素质和能力的途径。     

Quality risk in outsourcing: Noncontractible product quality and private quality cost information

This article addresses the concept of quality risk in outsourcing. Recent trends in outsourcing extend a contract manufacturer's (CM's) responsibility to several functional areas, such as research and development and design in addition to manufacturing. This trend enables an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to focus on sales and pricing of its product. However, increasing CM responsibilities also suggest that the OEM's product quality is mainly determined by its CM. We identify two factors that cause quality risk in this outsourcing relationship. First, the CM and the OEM may not be able to contract on quality; second, the OEM may not know the cost of quality to the CM. We characterize the effects of these two quality risk factors on the firms' profits and on the resulting product quality. We determine how the OEM's pricing strategy affects quality risk. We show, for example, that the effect of noncontractible quality is higher than the effect of private quality cost information when the OEM sets the sales price after observing the product's quality. We also show that committing to a sales price mitigates the adverse effect of quality risk. To obtain these results, we develop and analyze a three‐stage decision model. This model is also used to understand the impact of recent information technologies on profits and product quality. For example, we provide a decision tree that an OEM can use in deciding whether to invest in an enterprise‐wide quality management system that enables accounting of quality‐related activities across the supply chain. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009     

计算方法教学与工科学生的素质培养

科学计算能力是二十一世纪人才不可或缺的,在提倡素质教育的今天,尤其对工科学生,更应该注重培养他们的数学素质和科学素质.本文从"计算方法"这门课的研究对象和特点出发,论述了它在工科学生素质教育中占有重要的地位;结合这门课的特点,阐述了在教学过程中如何加强学生的数学素质和科学素质的培养.     

教学督导在教学质量监控体系中的作用

教学督导不同于教育督导，教学督导作为高校内部教学质量监控体系的重要组成部分，对保障高等院校教学质量具有积极的作用，对提高教学质量监控效能、保证教学质量、推动教学改革、实现人才培养目标具有重要的现实意义。     

Specification vagueness and supply quality risk

Specifying quality requirement is integral to any sourcing relationship, but vague and ambiguous specifications can often be observed in practice, especially when a buyer is in the initial stage of sourcing a new product. In this research, we study a supplier's production incentives under vague or exact quality specifications. We prove that a vague specification may in fact motivate the supplier to increase its quantity provision, resulting in a higher delivery quality. Vague quality specification can therefore be advantageous for a buyer to screen potential suppliers with an initial test order, and then rely on the received quality level to set more concrete quality guidelines. There is a degree, though, to which vague quality specification can be effective, as too much vagueness may decrease the supplier's quantity provision and hence the expected delivery quality. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

关于装备使用阶段质量问题的探讨

在装备使用阶段部队活动的目的是为了充分发挥、保持、恢复和改善装备的综合保障性能,减少保障人力和费用、缩短保障时间,以满足作战和任务的要求.这些性能、费用和时间的要求正是装备质量的特性.质量要求在论证阶段提出,质量特性在设计和生产制造过程中形成,在使用过程中得到表现.装备质量的表现是使用方对装备质量的最终要求.可以考虑采用全面质量管理的方法,结合部队管理特点,进行使用质量管理.     

部队装备保障训练质量管理模式研究

对基于＂符合规定性＂质量观和基于＂符合需要性＂质量观的部队装备保障训练质量的内涵和实施过程进行了对比分析,指出了基于＂符合规定性＂质量观部队装备保障训练的局限性,建立了基于＂符合需要性＂质量观确定必训科目、训练需求和受训者的过程模型。     

提高教学质量 加速人才培养

武警学院担负着为全国公安现役部队培养人才的重任.要加速人才的培养,就要全面落实科学发展观,遵循院校办学规律,以素质教育为着力点,正确处理各方面的关系,即坚持政治建校;强化师资力量;提高教学质量;突出办学特色;推进自主创新;迎评促建,评建结合;加快发展步伐;创建"和谐校园".只有这样,才能为部队培养出大批合格人才.     

重视开展科技创新活动,打造培养学员科研素质平台

创新素质的培养是全面推进素质教育的突破口,要有良好的运作机制与管理模式。军事院校是军事创新的源头,科技创新活动是培养创新人才的有效途径和方法。阐述了创新的概念和科技创新活动的意义,结合军事院校的特点,分析了科技创新活动中存在的问题,提出了实施科技创新活动的基本思路和措施。     

Allocation of quality improvement targets based on investments in learning

Purchased materials often account for more than 50% of a manufacturer's product nonconformance cost. A common strategy for reducing such costs is to allocate periodic quality improvement targets to suppliers of such materials. Improvement target allocations are often accomplished via ad hoc methods such as prescribing a fixed, across‐the‐board percentage improvement for all suppliers, which, however, may not be the most effective or efficient approach for allocating improvement targets. We propose a formal modeling and optimization approach for assessing quality improvement targets for suppliers, based on process variance reduction. In our models, a manufacturer has multiple product performance measures that are linear functions of a common set of design variables (factors), each of which is an output from an independent supplier's process. We assume that a manufacturer's quality improvement is a result of reductions in supplier process variances, obtained through learning and experience, which require appropriate investments by both the manufacturer and suppliers. Three learning investment (cost) models for achieving a given learning rate are used to determine the allocations that minimize expected costs for both the supplier and manufacturer and to assess the sensitivity of investment in learning on the allocation of quality improvement targets. Solutions for determining optimal learning rates, and concomitant quality improvement targets are derived for each learning investment function. We also account for the risk that a supplier may not achieve a targeted learning rate for quality improvements. An extensive computational study is conducted to investigate the differences between optimal variance allocations and a fixed percentage allocation. These differences are examined with respect to (i) variance improvement targets and (ii) total expected cost. For certain types of learning investment models, the results suggest that orders of magnitude differences in variance allocations and expected total costs occur between optimal allocations and those arrived at via the commonly used rule of fixed percentage allocations. However, for learning investments characterized by a quadratic function, there is surprisingly close agreement with an “across‐the‐board” allocation of 20% quality improvement targets. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 684–709, 2001