战时单需求点的战储物资调度模型及算法

战储物资调度是战时后勤保障工作的重要环节,关系着前线部队战斗力的持续生成。考虑战时情况下战储物资调度快速性、复杂性和高危性的特点,以单目标需求为切入点,分析单需求点下战时战储物资调度的特点及决策目标,借助模糊数学中的三角模糊数描述调度过程中不确定的需求信息特征,建立以调运时间最短与调度成本最小为目标的多目标优化模型,在物资需求的约束条件下采用模糊转换和线性规划方法对模型进行求解,算例结果验证了模型的正确性和算法的有效性。     

战区多需求点装备物资紧急调运模型及算法

在战区装备保障过程中,装备物资调运是一项非常重要的工作,其好坏直接决定战区装备保障任务能否迅速并有效执行.在战时情况下,战区装备物资调运问题必须考虑复杂性、时效性、安全性等要素,基于此构建了不同时间因素限制条件下的两种多需求点装备物资紧急调运优化模型,进行了详细的逻辑分析和推导,分别给出了模型的算法,并通过实际算例验证了模型的适用性和算法的有效性.     

战区抗震救灾单需求点物资调运模型及算法研究

在综合考虑物资需求多样性、运输工具多样性及其载重、容量约束的基础上,构建了以应急响应时间最短和运输工具平均空载率最低为目标的战区抗震救灾单需求点物资调运多目标非线性整数规划模型,提出了模型求解的改进多目标粒子群优化算法。通过调整粒子编码、适应度函数和速度更新策略使得该算法适于求解本文模型的自然数解空间约束和等式约束。理论分析表明,该模型具有较强的实用性和普适性。仿真结果表明,该算法是有效的,既能维护解的多样性,又能保证解的收敛性。     

基于小生境蝙蝠算法的联合远程打击武器目标分配问题建模与求解

针对联合远程打击作战筹划中武器目标分配问题,使用数学建模与仿真分析相结合的方法,研究了联合远程精确打击武器目标分配基本原则,构建了武器目标分配问题的多目标优化数学模型;对目标函数和约束条件进行处理,将该模型转化为单目标优化问题;提出了一种结合小生境淘汰思想的改进蝙蝠算法,用来求解武器目标分配的近似最优解。实验分析表明:该算法能够有效改善蝙蝠算法的收敛特性,适用于联合远程打击作战武器目标分配问题的求解。     

基于混合遗传算法的多基地多无人机战场物资配送任务分配

战场物资无人机配送是未来后勤保障的一种重要方式。以战时多基地、多无人机保障多需求点的模式为研究对象,通过分析多需求点战场物资无人机配送的特点及决策目标,利用多约束条件下的多车场车辆路径问题对无人机物资配送任务分配进行建模,通过将节约里程法与最近邻算法引入遗传算法中,较好地提高了算法求解速率及解的质量,最后通过仿真算例验证了模型和算法的合理性、有效性。结果表明:模型与算法能够在满足部队需求和给定的配送资源条件下优化物资配送方案,可较好地解决多基地、多无人机的战场物资配送任务分配问题。     

应急物资筹集问题的双目标模糊优化决策模型

应急物资筹集决策是直接影响应急动员效果的重要决策问题之一,是实施应急保障和应急救援的关键环节。把应急物资筹集决策问题抽象为物资筹集点选择的组合优化问题,结合混合规划方法与模糊优化思想,提出了双目标模糊优化模型及改进算法;在此基础上,进一步研究了物资可动员量为模糊数时的模糊资源约束模型,并给出了相应的算法;最后用算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

多级网络物资预置—前送模型及改进布谷鸟搜索算法研究

针对战时物资前送优化决策问题,较多对两级网络下的"多点对单点""多点对多点"问题进行研究,较少对多级网络下、多节点转运前送、多式联运前送、物资协同补给问题进行系统性、综合性的研究.立足战场实际,针对后方物资、预置物资、作战部队组成的三级网络的预置协同补给问题,进行定量化、模型化研究.在满足硬时间窗基础上构建了以运输风险度最小为目标的双层指标模型.针对所建立模型具有高维组合优化的特点,设计了基于粒子群算法改进的布谷鸟搜索算法,并用不同规模算例对算法性能进行了测试.结果表明,所建模型符合战场实际,设计的算法具有较好的适应性、稳定性、精确性,能在较短时间内对所建模型进行有效求解,为决策者提供科学依据.     

无运力限制条件下的一种器材紧急调运优化模型

根据器材调运的特点建立了一个货量充足且无运力限制条件的多目标优化模型,给出了一种方便有效的算法,并利用仿真算例对模型和算法进行了验算,得到了最优的器材调运方案.     

基于储备模式选择的战备物资分类研究

对战备物资进行分类是选择储备模式的基础和重要前提。把战备物资分类问题抽象为战备物资的军事性和经济性评价问题,设计了物资分类评价指标体系,并对部分指标进行了说明;利用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,运用专家打分法完成指标打分,并对专家打分程序进行优化,增强战备物资分类的可操作性,由军事性和经济性两方面的得分确定战备物资所属类别;最后通过算例证明了分类方法的有效性。     

军事虚拟网络映射问题研究

将网络虚拟化技术与军事需求相结合,并针对军事虚拟网络映射问题展开研究。以底层网络的负载均衡和资源最小化为目标,同时考虑映射请求的优先级问题,提出了基于蝙蝠优化算法的虚拟网络映射算法OBA-VNE。算法通过将映射问题转化为二进制组合优化模型,利用蝙蝠优化算法寻求近似最优映射方案。仿真结果表明,算法相比经典方法获得了更好的性能。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.