大温差条件下碳纤维混凝土无约束变形试验

为了研究碳纤维、聚酯纤维对混凝土在自由条件下的约束作用,通过设计对碳纤维混凝土、聚酯纤维混凝土和素混凝土加热放热试验,比较掺入不同纤维体积分数的纤维混凝土在大温差条件下无约束自由变形的差异,并用温度线膨胀系数表达。对试验数据进行分析,得到体积分数为1%的碳纤维混凝土比素混凝土抗自由变形能力提高了38.8%,在本试验的各种体积分数中效果最好。结果表明碳纤维与混凝土,虽然热力学性能不同,但是二者结合之后碳纤维因其高弹性模量的特性,反而可以更好地抑制混凝土自由变形。试验效果也表明,随着施工工艺的完善,碳纤维体积分数可能会超过1%,碳纤维对混凝土性能的提升仍然有很大的帮助。     

纤维对混凝土早期热膨胀系数的影响

在混凝土中分别掺加相同质量的碳纤维和聚酯纤维,采用平板加热器对不同类型的混凝土试件循环加热,测试了其浇筑后5～29 d的温度变形情况,计算了其热膨胀系数。龄期达到29 d,聚酯纤维混凝土热膨胀系数下降约8%,碳纤维混凝土热膨胀系数下降约20%。结果表明,纤维的掺入能有效降低混凝土的早期热膨胀系数;纤维质量相同时,弹性模量高的碳纤维较弹性模量低的聚酯纤维能更显著地降低混凝土的早期热膨胀系数。     

电磁屏蔽石墨混凝土电导率实验研究

石墨混凝土具有耐酸碱、成本低、性能稳定等优点。针对电导率是材料电磁屏蔽性能的重要影响参数,以获得最佳导电性能为方向设计了石墨混凝土的探索性制备方案,研究了其配合比对混凝土电导率性能的影响,采用四针电极法考察石墨混凝土的导电性能。实验结果表明,石墨混凝土中电导率存在不均匀性,其中粗颗粒石墨混凝土比细颗粒石墨混凝土具有更好的导电性能,其值约0．8 S/cm,表现出较好的性能一致性,为工程应用提供了条件。增加20%导电镍粉,对导电性能有改善,但水灰比较大。掺碳纤维石墨混凝土样品,针对石墨质量分数71%,相对石墨掺入碳纤维2%,电导率值由0．8 S/cm降为0．17 S/cm。其中材料的多孔性是材料导电性降低的主要因素。     

碳纤维混凝土单轴受压应力-应变本构关系

碳纤维混凝土受压应力-应变全曲线研究是对其基本力学性能进行全面认识的基础,也是表现碳纤维混凝土基本受压特性的综合宏观反映。对9组（碳纤维体积分数分别为0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,1.4%,1.6%）碳纤维混凝土试件进行了立方体和棱柱体抗压强度试验,结果表明碳纤维混凝土立方体和棱柱体抗压强度随碳纤维体积分数的增加呈下降趋势,峰值应变随碳纤维体积分数的增加呈增大趋势。基于各体积分数碳纤维混凝土的棱柱体抗压强度和峰值应变的试验数据,拟合得到了棱柱体抗压强度和峰值应变与体积分数之间的函数表达式。利用微机控制电液伺服压力试验机测定了9组碳纤维混凝土应力-应变全曲线,参照非线弹性理论的混凝土单轴受压应力-应变本构模型,根据测得的全曲线应力-应变数据,拟合得到了应力-应变全曲线上升段表达式参数和下降段表达式参数,最后给出了基于碳纤维体积分数变化的碳纤维混凝土单轴受压应力-应变本构方程。     

碳纤维强度的统计特性及对复合材料线芯力学性能的影响

测试了国产T300级碳纤维的单丝和复丝拉伸强度,并用Weibull分布来描述碳纤维单丝平均拉伸强度。采用拉挤工艺制备出国产碳纤维复合线芯,测试了国产碳纤维复合线芯的弯曲强度和短梁剪切强度性能。结果表明:国产T300级碳纤维单丝拉伸强度性能达到东丽T300碳纤维水平,且分散性更小;复丝强度略低。国产T300级碳纤维集束性较差,在拉挤抽纱过程中,容易夹纱和起毛。在纤维体积含量基本相同情况下,国产T300级碳纤维复合线芯力学性能与东丽T700碳纤维复合线芯力学性能相差不大。     

T300和JC2#纤维增强C/SiC复合材料力学性能对比

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,采用聚合物浸渍裂解法(PIP)分别制备得到T300碳纤维和JC2#碳纤维增强C/SiC复合材料。JC2#C/SiC复合材料具有优异的力学性能,抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到662MPa和19.5MPa.m1/2;T300 C/SiC复合材料表现出低强度、高脆性,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性不足前者的四分之一。T300 C/SiC复合材料低性能的根本原因在于T300纤维在PCS裂解过程中性能严重下降,复合材料中纤维与基体间存在强界面结合是另一个影响因素。     

短切碳纤维混凝土电磁屏蔽规律的实验研究

随着电子产品普及和大功率电气设备数量的增加,导致电磁环境急剧恶化,从而带来了一系列隐患。简要阐述了电磁屏蔽的原理,介绍了碳纤维的性能,并对短切碳纤维水泥基复合材料的屏蔽性能进行了实验研究,制备出碳纤维吸波混凝土,测试了样品的电磁屏蔽性能,并比较3mm与6mm短切碳纤维在吸波混凝土中的屏蔽效能,分析、总结了实验样品中反映出来的规律,为设计高性能电磁屏蔽混凝土提供了依据。     

珊瑚骨料混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

针对珊瑚混凝土的结构化应用,在海水拌养珊瑚混凝土配合比优化研究的基础上,进行了珊瑚混凝土基本力学性能的试验研究,试验测试了珊瑚混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及弹性模量等基本力学性能参数指标,分析得到了各参数指标间的相互关系,为下一步珊瑚骨料混凝土构件性能研究与结构理论设计提供了基本依据。     

酚醛-石英混杂纤维增强苯并噁嗪复合材料高温失效特征

通过模压工艺制备了酚醛-石英混织纤维增强苯并噁嗪复合材料(P-Q/BZ)试样,考察了其力学性能、烧蚀性能和耐冲刷性能,分析了该试样在高温环境中的主要失效特征,研究其在高温环境中的适用性。结果表明,未经热处理的P-Q/BZ试样平均弯曲强度、弯曲模量和层间剪切强度分别为283 MPa、10.8 GPa和22.6 MPa;经300℃,N_2处理15 min后,试样均匀膨胀,厚度增加22%,弯曲强度、弯曲模量和层间剪切强度分别下降58%、41%和58%;在氧乙炔焰的平均质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为0.048 4 g/s和-0.081 mm/s,烧蚀后试样宏观不分层,表面炭层微观分层严重,酚醛纤维热解炭、树脂基体热解炭、熔融石英纤维以及碳硅氧化产物相互分离;该试样耐冲刷能力差,在发动机尾焰烧蚀平台模拟的热-力耦合环境中的质量损失率高达59%。P-Q/BZ复合材料需要解决热解膨胀问题,进一步提高抗冲刷性能。     

华柴公司新开发的高原型发电机组顺利通过性能测试

<正>近日,华柴公司新开发的高原型发电机组在海拔3000米和4500米高原顺利通过性能测试试验。此次性能试验委托国家内燃机发电机组质量监督检验中心兰州中瑞电源产品质量检验有限公司在青海格尔木进行,通过发电机组启动、带载和持续运行等试验,发电机组满足了新国Ⅲ排放要求,在海拔3000米无功率损失,在海拔4500米累计功率损失不高于4%,优于GJB的性能要求,达到国内领先水平。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.