4电平S类数字功放的电平合成策略

通过增加量化电平,Delta-Sigma调制器输出序列能够获得更好的调制性能。但在S类数字功放中,受限于开关功放的实现结构,多电平Delta-Sigma调制器输出脉冲序列无法直接驱动开关功放,需采用由多个开关功放单元构成的多电平开关功放。针对2比特Delta-Sigma调制器输出序列,分析了电平合成策略对4电平S类数字功放性能的影响,提出了两种优化的电平合成策略。理论分析和仿真结果表明,采用合适的电平合成策略,4电平S类数字功放可以获得更优的输出性能,尤其在输出功率回退状态下,电平合成策略对功放性能的影响更为显著。     

主动谐波消除多电平射频脉宽调制策略及其性能分析

为降低全数字发信机(All-Digital Transmitters, ADTx)的输出谐波要求,提高系统宽频带工作性能,提出并实现适用于全数字发信机的多电平射频脉宽调制(Radio Frequency Pulse Width Modulation, RF-PWM)策略。该方法通过控制各子脉冲的脉冲宽度,在基波分量加权之和正比于输入信号包络的前提下,实现对RF-PWM脉冲序列特定谐波分量的有效抑制。以3次谐波消除为例,对该5电平RF-PWM策略实现方案进行推导,同时分析验证了该方案下脉冲基波分量与信号幅度之间的最佳增益系数。在此基础上,利用软件仿真验证了理论分析结果以及主动谐波抑制RF-PWM策略的有效性。     

单路ADPCM简捷实现的一种方法

ADPCM(自适应差分脉冲编码调制)是八十年代发展并完善的一种新型低速率语音编码技术.本文介绍了采用MC145532芯片实现单路ADPCM的简捷方法,对于数字卫星通信、数字微波通信以及数字无绳电话系统,具有一定的参考价值.     

基于Logistic映射的混沌二相编码性能分析

针对目前常用的伪随机二相编码的缺点,利用Logistic混沌映射产生混沌序列并进行数字量化和截取,生成混沌二相编码信号,重点分析了混沌二相编码信号的相关性、混合信号隔离度、抗干扰性能和多普勒敏感性能。仿真分析表明,混沌二相编码信号不仅具有大的时宽带宽积和良好的自相关性,而且具有较强的抗干扰性能和更宽的多普勒容限,是一种较为理想的雷达脉冲压缩信号。     

浅谈激光编码调制与解码接收技术——激光架束制导技术基本原理浅析

激光架束制导技术是通过激光空间编码发射和相应解码接收,用不同的频率、相位、脉冲宽度和脉冲间隔,通过光机扫描、光电扫描或声光扫描方式实现激光束空间调制编码,装在导弹尾部的激光接受器探测到激光信号,经过信息处理,弹上解码计算装置计算出导弹偏离中心线的大小和方向,形成控制信号,控制导弹飞行并击中目标的高科技技术。本文重点叙述激光编码调制技术和导弹解码接收技术的基本原理。一、激光编码调制技术激光编码调制技术主要由调制器来完成。调制器由频率编码调制盘,调制盘传动装置与转向系统组成。其中频率编码调制盘为平行的圆形玻…     

四进制PWM数字光纤传输系统调制解调器的实现

光纤传输系统具有良好的传输特性,尤其是它具有保密性好、不怕电磁干扰、中继距离长,以及光纤重量轻、体积小、便于敷设等特点,对其在军事通信特别是野战通信方面的应用具有很大的吸引力。目前,我军已有一些光纤传输系统投入使用。我们知道,一个传输系统性能的好坏不仅取决于传输媒介的特性,同时也取决于传输方式的选择。对数字光纤传输系统来说,目前研究比较成熟的是5B6B 线路码的传输。对多电平数字光纤传输系统的研究已得出结论;多电平传输更能有效地利用光纤的传输特性,延长中继距离。在脉冲调制的诸类型中,脉冲幅度调制(PAM)和脉冲宽度调制(PWM)     

基于TCM技术的数字小容量微波通信调制解调器的全数字化设计方案

本文在简单介绍了ＴＣＭ（格状编码调制）技术基本原理与性能基础上,详细分析了采用４状态编码８相ＰＳＫ、适用于数字微波通信的全数字化ＭＯＤＥＭ的实现方案。     

多电平D类功率放大器的工作原理

本文介绍了一种新颖的基于级联型多电平拓扑结构的开关型功率放大器,采用单极倍频相移PWM技术,其开关频率是单个单元开关频率的2N倍,总的输出电压波纹小,比较了采用相移PWM技术和位移PWM技术的多电平输出信号的性能特点,分析了级联型多电平D类功率放大器的工作原理,之后研制了一台级联型多电平的D类功率放大器。研究结果表明采用单极倍频相移三角载波PWM法的级联型多电平D类功率放大器具有良好的跟踪性和稳定性。     

采用LabVIEW设计的PCM数据实时接收系统

脉冲编码调制(PCM)技术因为其良好的抗干扰性能,被广泛应用于飞行器的地面测试与飞行试验当中。为了监控被测飞行器的运行状态,通常需要对测试过程中的PCM数据进行实时接收显示。提出了一种基于Lab VIEW的PCM数据实时接收系统的设计方法,通过采用数据接收卡与上位机程序相结合的方式,实现了对PCM数据的实时接收显示。经验证,该系统可满足飞行器地面测试的需要。     

不同干扰对QSPK解调性能的影响分析

随着数字卫星通信的快速发展,QPSK作为数字卫星通信系统中一种重要的调制方式,其解调性能也受到越来越多的关注。主要分析QPSK信号在已调干扰信号下的解调性能,并推导出使得QPSK调制信号解调性能最差的干扰信号的统计分布,而且此时统计分布符合QPSK调制方式干扰信号的特征。最后通过实验仿真分析得出信噪比未超过一定值时QPSK调制信号在QPSK调制干扰信号下解调性能最差,并与不同已调制干扰和AWGN干扰下的解调性能作比较。     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016     

Thomas Firth and Sons – Steelmakers to the Arms Industries. Part 2: Heavy Armaments

Firth’s were the first of the Sheffield steel makers to enter the field armaments. Their involvement with Colt has been outlined in an article in the journal of the Colt Collectors Association in America and their activities as steelmakers to the small-arms industries has been covered in a previous issue of this Journal. This article gives a brief overview of their involvement as manufacturers in the field of heavy armaments, being the first to make all-steel guns and their evolving role in the use of steel for ordnance, culminating in the displacement of wrought iron by the adoption of steel for ordnance manufacture by the Royal Gun Factory in the 1880s. It also highlights their development of stainless steel in this context.     

Information Is Not a Weapons System

ABSTRACT

While many militaries have tried to capitalize on the potential of information operations in internal war, few have succeeded. I argue that military information campaigns fall short of expectations for two reasons. First, the theory of influence militaries generally embrace – communications as a non-lethal weapons system – is largely invalid. While treating information as a weapons system makes it easier to integrate it into the existing military planning system, this overstates the independent effects of communications on behavior and understates the importance of interactive effects of what commercial marketing theory refers to as the “marketing mix” – product, price, promotion, and placement. It would be more appropriate to treat military information operations as a form of marketing: a composite effort to induce a specific behavior in a target audience by applying a combination of material and ideational instruments. The marketing model suggests that the efficacy of information operations will depend not simply on the message and its delivery (promotion) but on the behavior the sender seeks to induce (the product), the costs of that behavior (the price), and the opportunities available for such behavior (the placement).