AZ91D镁合金表面纳米TiO_2复合微弧氧化层耐蚀性能研究

为了提高AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的耐蚀能力,采用Na2SiO3电解液,添加入纳米TiO2,经微弧氧化,纳米TiO2颗粒复合入陶瓷层中,形成表面质量良好的纳米复合陶瓷质氧化膜。通过与普通微弧氧化陶瓷层比较,结果表明：纳米TiO2复合微弧氧化陶瓷层孔隙率降低,致密性提高,抗盐雾腐蚀性能提高1倍以上。     

InSb纳米颗粒的制备与原子力显微镜

为进一步研究半导体纳米材料的物理特性,用真空沉积的方法在SiO2基片上制备了纳米InSb颗粒膜。用原子力显微镜扫描样品表面的分析显示,纳米InSb颗粒均匀地分布在SiO2基片表面。实验结果表明通过改变镀膜时间,可以得到具有不同颗粒尺寸的InSb纳米颗粒。     

纳米SiO2形态对铜基摩擦材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法分别制备了添加0.75 wt%的纳米SiO2(n-SiO2)和0.75 wt%Cu包纳米SiO2(Cu/n-SiO2)复合粉体的新型铜基摩擦材料.采用惯性台架试验机,研究比较了2种材料与未添加纳米SiO2的材料的摩擦学性能.结果表明添加0.75 wt% Cu/n-SiO2的铜基摩擦材料,耐热性提高了32%,摩擦因数更稳定,耐磨性提高了2.02倍.经铜包覆处理后的n-SiO2对材料性能的影响优于未处理的n-SiO2.     

军用装备镁合金表面微弧氧化层SEM微观形貌及耐蚀性分析

利用微弧氧化技术的恒电流方式,在含有Na：SiO,和KF等电解质的溶液中制备了AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化层,通过扫描电镜观察分析及Cu加速盐雾腐蚀试验,研究了电解液中Na：SiO,和KF质量浓度对微弧氧化层结构及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：在相同反应条件下,微弧氧化层厚度和表面粗糙度随Na：SiO,和KF质量浓度的增加而增加,微弧氧化层的耐蚀性取决于其表面粗糙度和厚度,粗糙度小、具有一定厚度的致密微弧氧化层耐蚀性好。     

预压力滚压表面纳米化技术原理及应用

针对装备零部件表面疲劳失效的问题,开发了一种能够在堆焊修复层表面制备纳米晶粒的预压力滚压技术,分析了该技术的设备特点和基本工作原理,利用场发射扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜和纳米压痕仪对堆焊层表面纳米晶层微观结构及力学性能进行了分析。结果表明:滚压加工后,零件表面形成明显的塑性变形层,其中严重塑性变形层厚度约为15μm;最表层形成了细化均匀的纳米晶层,平均晶粒尺寸约为10 nm;表面硬度提高了3倍。该技术能够有效地细化表面晶粒,达到优化金属零件表面结构的目的。     

纳米SiO2颗粒增强铜基复合材料性能研究

以纳米SiO2颗粒为增强体,采用粉末冶金法制备铜基纳米复合材料.考察不同质量分数的纳米颗粒对复合材料密度、硬度以及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明纳米SiO2颗粒的加入,使铜基体的硬度和摩擦磨损性能都得到了明显提高;但随着纳米SiO2质量分数的增加,复合材料的密度和硬度均呈下降趋势;当纳米SiO2质量分数为0.3 %时,复合材料的减摩耐磨性最好.     

Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化涂层的制备及性能

在氧化性环境中,高于400℃时碳纤维开始氧化,限制了Cf SiC复合材料的应用。通过在Cf SiC复合材料表面制备抗氧化涂层体系,可以有效地保护碳纤维不被氧化。本实验制备了含CVD SiC粘接层、自愈合功能层和CVD SiC抗冲蚀层的三层涂层体系,并进行了氧化失重试验。氧化失重试验结果表明,仅有CVD SiC涂层的试样氧化失重率较大,不能有效地保护材料,而含有自愈合功能层的三层涂层体系的材料试样,在800℃～1200℃的氧化失重率非常小,1000℃下氧化288h的失重率仅为2.3%,弯曲强度仍保持为452.9MPa。同时实验发现,试样在氧化失重试验后,其CVD SiC涂层的表面形貌有明显改变,这主要是由SiC氧化形成SiO2薄膜所致,并且在1200℃下所生成的SiO2薄膜有表面收缩趋势,具有液相膜的部分特征。     

纳米SiO_2增韧改性环氧乙烯基酯树脂的性能研究

为了对环氧乙烯基酯树脂(EVER)进行增韧改性,采用KH570硅烷偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行表面处理,考察了纳米SiO2表面改性及其质量分数对EVER力学性能的影响。经过偶联剂处理的纳米SiO2复合材料在树脂基体中具备更好的分散性和相容性,力学性能明显优于纯EVER材料和未经偶联剂处理的复合材料。纳米SiO2质量分数为3%时,纳米SiO2复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度分别比纯EVER材料提高了42.10%,43.38%和91.91%;纳米SiO2质量分数为4%时,纳米SiO2复合材料的拉伸模量比纯EVER材料提高了34.57%。通过观察冲击断面的SEM照片,分析了纳米SiO2增韧改性的作用机理。结果表明:纳米SiO2增韧改性的关键在于诱发基体产生银纹,使其对裂纹扩展起到钝化、阻碍的作用。     

纳米颗粒和非晶相复合刷镀层n-Al2O3／Ni-P的制备

采用纳米电刷镀技术在钢基体表面制备了n-Al2O3/Ni-P复合刷镀层,研究了复合刷镀液中纳米颗粒含量、刷镀电压和刷镀笔移动速度对复合刷镀层中P和Al2O3含量的影响.优化后的工艺参数范围为刷镀液中n-Al2O3颗粒含量20～30 g/L、刷镀电压8～12 V、刷镀笔移动速度5～10 m/min.制备的n-Al2O3/Ni-P复合刷镀层组织致密,含有纳米颗粒和非晶相.     

聚乙二醇对纳米SiO2水悬浮液分散稳定性的影响

通过沉降试验主要研究了聚乙二醇对纳米SiO2水悬浮液分散稳定性的影响,研究发现聚乙二醇的分子量和含量、悬浮液的pH值及超声分散功率、所含电解质的浓度对纳米SiO2水悬浮液的分散稳定性都有显著影响.红外光谱分析表明聚乙二醇是以氢键吸附在纳米SiO2颗粒表面,2者并没有发生化学反应.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.