脉冲刷镀层与直流刷镀层的对比分析

应用MSD—3O—S逆变电源及普通刷镀电源,研究了脉冲刷镀层的沉积速度、硬度、耐磨性、结合强度等方面的性能,并与直流刷镀层进行了比较,结果表明脉冲刷镀层性能优于直流刷镀层。     

激光强化电刷镀纳米Al2O3／Ni复合镀层的耐磨性

设计了激光强化电刷镀设备,制备了激光强化电刷镀纳米Al2O3/Ni镀层,研究了其显微硬度和耐磨性,分析了激光强化电刷镀纳米Al2O3/Ni镀层耐磨性增加的原理.研究发现,当激光功率为300 W时,激光强化电刷镀纳米Al2O3/Ni镀层的显微硬度比普通纳米Al2O3/Ni电刷镀层提高约HV150,相对耐磨性是2.3,摩擦因数有所降低.细晶强化和纳米颗粒弥散强化是镀层硬度和耐磨性增强的主要原因.     

电刷镀n—Al2O3／Ni镀层在海水中静态腐蚀试验

介绍了电刷镀Ni、n-Al2O3/Ni镀层在海水中静态腐蚀400 h后的质量损失情况.用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分别观测了腐蚀形貌及进行了成分分析,又在加速腐蚀状态下测试了极化曲线.初步分析得出Ni可以和未配对的电子的氧形成强的化学键,也可以和基体铁形成微观腐蚀电池;电刷镀n-Al2O3/Ni镀层比Ni镀层在海水中静态耐蚀性好.     

摩擦电喷镀Ni-Co-MoS2复合镀层摩擦学性能研究

采用摩擦电喷镀技术制备Ni-Co-MoS2复合镀层,系统试验研究了复合镀层的摩擦学性能。结果表明,Ni-Co-MoS2复合镀层在滑动摩擦条件下,摩擦因数主要取决于镀层中MoS2微粒的含量、滑动速度和载荷;MoS2微粒的减磨作用,可有效改善镀层的耐磨性;在滑动摩擦条件下,Ni-Co-MoS2复合镀层的耐磨性能将随MoS2含量的提高而提高。     

非均匀形核法制备Cu包覆纳米SiO2复合粉体

采用非均匀形核法制备了Cu包覆纳米SiO2复合颗粒,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪及透射电镜等分析手段对复合颗粒进行了表征,并探讨了包覆结构的形成机制。结果表明:复合颗粒分散均匀,无团聚,单颗粒内包含多个分布均匀的纳米SiO2颗粒,且均被Cu包覆层隔离,纳米SiO2颗粒的分散性得到了显著改善;新制备的复合颗粒不存在氧化,在存放或者制样过程中会部分氧化为Cu2O;纳米SiO2颗粒表面Cu包覆层的形成机制主要是非均匀形核作用,包覆的结构取决于 Cu晶粒在纳米SiO2颗粒表面的沉积以及对复合颗粒的团聚控制。     

电刷镀含纳米粉复合镀层结构和磨损性能

用含纳米金刚石粉的镍镀液电刷镀复合镀层,系统试验研究了复合镀层中纳米金刚石对镀层显微结构、力学性能及耐磨性能的影响.结果表明,纳米金刚石的弥散强化作用,可有效改善镀层的生长、减小内应力,提高镀层的显微硬度.含纳米金刚石粉的复合镀层在室温、高负荷下具有优良的抗疲劳和抗磨损性能,其耐磨性是纯镍镀层的4倍.     

Au／MOx／A1203催化剂催化CO低温氧化的研究

采用沉积沉淀法，将金负载在复合氧化物载体MOx／Al2O3上，制备得到了Au／MOx／Al2O3催化剂的活性要高于Au／Al2O3催化剂．Au／FeOx/Al2O3催化剂能够在低于223K的温度下实现CO完全催化氧化．TEM图像分析表明，纳米级高分散的金颗粒是金催化剂高活性的前提，但载体的选择，以及复合氧化物载体中过渡金属氧化物的选择，也会对金催化剂的活性产生明显的影响．     

(CH3)2SiCl2和N2H4 反应产物为先驱体制备Si/C/N纳米微粉

采用(CH3)2SiCl2和N2H4反应产物为先驱体,在H2、NH3气条件下,用化学气相裂解法制备出Si/C/N纳米复合微粉这一全新的合成体系.对温度、气体流量,H2/NH3的比例等合成工艺条件对微粉的性质、形貌、组成等的影响进行了较为系统的讨论,并从热力学和动力学的角度初步讨论了产物裂解机理及组成的变化形成机理.所合成的Si/C/N微粉为无定型球状颗粒,N的含量从16.49%～26.75%可调,粒径最小达40 nm.     

纳米Al2O3／聚酰亚胺耐高温应急粘接堵漏材料的研究

研究了纳米Al2O3粒子对聚酰亚胺粘接材料性能的影响.结果表明,纳米Al2O3粒子能明显提升聚酰亚胺粘接堵漏材料的粘接性能.当纳米Al2O3粒子添加量为8%～12%时,聚酰亚胺粘接堵漏材料的剪切强度可提高37%;纳米Al2O3/聚酰亚胺粘接堵漏材料在高温固化过程中,纳米Al2O3产生向粘接界面偏析现象.     

Ni-P-SiC 化学复合镀

采用化学共沉淀法对Ni P SiC化学复合镀研究 ,通过能谱仪和扫描电镜分析了镀层的组成与形貌 ,并对镀层的硬度、耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,镀层硬度随SiC微粒浓度加大而增加 ;镀液中SiC微粒的浓度和镀液的pH值对镀层中SiC微粒的含量有影响 ;在SiC浓度为 7 5g/L时镀层中SiC含量达到最大值 1 6 81 % ;而pH值的最佳值为 4 7;同时 ,由于SiC微粒的加入 ,镀层表面色泽变暗 ,外观较粗糙 ,镀层的耐腐蚀性降低。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.