基于空中目标态势和作战能力的威胁评估算法

对空中目标进行威胁评估和目标分配是阵地防空指挥中心的一项重要工作,威胁评估的准确性将对防空作战的结局产生重大的影响。提出了一种新的威胁评估算法,在综合考虑空中目标态势和作战能力的前提下,分析了影响目标威胁评估的几个因素,并结合装备的战斗性能建立各函数的威胁度隶属函数,求出目标威胁度和排序,最后给出软件流程。     

海上区域防空目标威胁评估模型

海上区域防空掩护的水面目标多,分布范围大,重要性不尽相同,根据这种特点,以区域防空所保卫目标的重要性作为评估空中目标威胁的一项重要指标.采用专家置信度改进的AHP法确定各指标权重,给出了各指标的模糊隶属度函数.最后,结合被保卫水面目标的权重,对各空中目标威胁值进行综合,建立了目标威胁综合评估模型,由此计算的目标威胁值能较客观和准确反映目标对整个区域防空作战的综合威胁.     

灰靶理论的空中目标威胁评估与排序

对空中目标的威胁程度进行科学的评估与排序是防空指挥的重要环节,是防空指挥员进行火力分配的主要依据,也是防空指挥自动化系统的重要功能之一.灰靶理论是处理模式序列的灰关联分析理论,其核心概念是靶心度,可以依据靶心度进行模式分级.分析了影响空中目标威胁程度的主要因素,并基于灰靶理论建立了空中目标威胁评估与排序的数学模型,提出了应用灰靶理论进行威胁评估与排序的方法,为防空指挥员进行科学决策提供了理论依据.     

防空系统中空中目标威胁评估方法研究

针对当前对空中目标威胁评估研究的不足，提出了一种防空系统中评估目标威胁度的新方法，其思想在于将空中目标的威胁因子分为定量指标和定性指标，其中定量指标包括目标速度、目标高度等可以直接获取的指标，该部分指标通过隶属函数直接得到威胁值；定性指标包括目标类型、目标意图等不能直接获取的指标，通过贝叶斯网络进行推理以得到静态威胁值。最后通过AHP 方法对各个指标威胁值进行加权得到总威胁值。该方法的特点在于定性分析与定量分析的结合，通过仿真算例验证了该方法的有效性与可行性。     

基于多属性目标决策的威胁评估排序模型

针对当前海战中对舰艇编队构成威胁的空中目标的特点,运用目标多属性理论探索对空中目标的威胁排序问题.提出了一种对空中目标进行威胁评估和排序的方法,并通过示例介绍了威胁评估和排序的求解过程.该方法有效地解决了目标威胁评估与排序问题,提高了舰艇编队防空作战能力.     

舰艇自防御的威胁排序方法研究

威胁评估与排序是舰艇自防御系统必须具备的重要功能。在多指标决策理论的基础上,结合灰色系统理论和逼近理想解方法,提出了灰色逼近理想解的威胁排序算法。首先通过建立舰艇自防御的空中威胁排序指标体系,得到各个指标的隶属度函数,再通过主客观结合的有序二元比较法得到威胁评估指标的权重,最后通过逼近理想解的灰色关联度方法对空中目标进行威胁评估与排序,并研究了分辨系数对威胁排序的影响。通过舰艇自防御防空作战实例证明了算法的有效性和工程实用性。     

部分权重信息下两阶段决策方法的威胁评估

空中目标的威胁值评估是指空中目标对所攻击的地(水)面目标可能造成的毁伤程度进行评价.在防空体系目标分配和火力分配中,只需确定空中目标威胁值的相对大小即可,即对空中目标进行威胁排序即对于单个要地空中目标的威胁排序.采用一种已知部分权重信息下的两阶段多属性决策方法对防空中的目标威胁进行评估,该方法将指挥员主观给出的部分权重信息和客观实际相结合,既充分利用了客观信息,又以方案的综合属性的形式进行尽可能满足指挥员的主观愿望,有效地达到两者的统一.最后给出了相应的算例分析证明了其可行性.     

基于最大隶属度的对空目标射击有利度模糊评估法

对空袭目标射击有利度的评估与排序是进行火力分配的重要依据之一。分析了影响防空武器对空中目标射击有利度的相关因素,基于最大隶属度原则,在各影响因素的权重只有部分已知的情况下,建立了目标射击有利度的模糊评估与排序模型,为防空武器的火力分配提供了科学依据。     

大型水面舰艇编队空中来袭目标威胁值评估

结合大型水面舰艇编队拥有的防空兵力体系、防空区域划分以及空中来袭目标的属性,建立空中目标分组模型,运用模糊理论的方法对同一组中的目标进行威胁值评估,在此基础上建立大型水面舰艇编队的空中目标威胁值评估模型。该模型可以为大型水面舰艇编队防空作战提供参考。     

基于加权核主成分TOPSIS方法的舰艇防空威胁评估

为了能快速准确地对来袭的空中目标进行威胁评估,提出了一种基于加权的核主成分TOPSIS的威胁评估排序方法。针对水面舰艇防空作战中来袭目标的特点,确定了防空威胁评估指标,并对其进行了相应的量化,利用加权核主成分分析实现指标数据的降维,之后按照核主元方差贡献率加权进行TOPSIS法对来袭目标进行威胁评估与排序。实例验证表明:利用该方法可以避免传统方法中人为确定各威胁指标权重时引入的主观性,同时,对指标数据的降维处理降低了评估的复杂性,提高了评估的实时性,为舰艇防空作战威胁评估提供了一条新的有效途径。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.