盘形圆弧砂轮曲面磨削几何模型

砂轮外形、加工轨迹、运动轴组合方式、工件摆放方式等的差异都会引起曲面磨削加工模型的变化,加工几何模型是实施曲面磨削首要解决的问题。建立盘形圆弧砂轮的几何模型,通过磨削点法向量匹配,建立工件点和砂轮点的一一映射关系,经过坐标变换可以得到相应的刀具运动轨迹,用于磨削加工。形成统一的盘形砂轮曲面磨削几何模型,并给出刀具运动轨迹的计算流程。该磨削模型适用范围广,有效解决了多种曲面磨削过程的刀具轨迹生成问题,实现了高精度的曲面磨削加工。     

慢刀伺服加工环曲面的刀具路径规划方法

如何规划刀具路径、进而获得高质量的数控加工代码,是应用慢刀伺服技术加工环曲面的关键技术之一。提出了基于等距面规划刀位点轨迹的刀具路径规划方法,推导了外凸环曲面的面形方程及其等距面方程,对比分析了两种导动曲线及两种数据点离散方法,优选了刀具路径规划方案,应用VB.net语言编写了慢刀伺服加工环曲面用数控代码生成软件,在Vericut平台上对数控代码进行了仿真验证,直观地展示了虚拟加工面相对理论曲面的残留区域,仿真结果验证了方法的可行性。结果表明:将外凸环曲面方程中的非一次常数项a变为a+r_d,即得到外凸环曲面的等距面方程;所提刀具路径规划方法适用于慢刀伺服加工外凸环曲面;该方法对应用慢刀伺服技术加工其他面型的光学镜面具有借鉴价值。     

音圈电机驱动的超精密快刀伺服系统的性能研究

基于快刀伺服系统的超精密金刚石车削加工技术是光学自由曲面高效率、高精密的加工手段。本文介绍了一种新的音圈电机驱动的超精密快刀伺服系统,行程达到30mm,最大加速度为920m/s₂。通过实验手段获得了系统的运动模型,来用于控制器的设计。针对一类典型的光学自由曲面-微透镜阵列进行了加工,并对加工结果进行了测试与分析。测试结果表明,所研制的快刀伺服系统达到了加工技术要求,为以后该系统在实际加工中更广泛的应用研究打下了基础。     

自由曲面的立体视觉测量与加工一体化研究

对自由曲面的立体现觉测量与加工一体化技术中的图像匹配、曲面造型以及接口设计等问题进行了分析与讨论,并提出了切实可行的解决办法。     

基于Zernike多项式拟合的自由曲面车削误差补偿技术

慢刀伺服车削技术是一种特殊的创成加工方法,采用C轴、X轴、Z轴联动的方式在极坐标或圆柱坐标内可车削加工自由曲面光学元件。但是由于各种误差因素的影响,使用慢刀伺服技术仅加工一次获得的光学元件可能不满足精度指标。为此需要研究能够进一步提升慢刀伺服车削加工精度的误差补偿技术。Zernike多项式是面形分析与光学分析之间的理想接口工具,因此本文使用Zernike多项式拟合的方法处理慢刀伺服车削加工的误差,并根据慢刀伺服加工技术的特点,建立慢刀伺服车削加工的误差补偿算法。实验结果表明,基于Zernike多项式拟合的慢刀伺服车削加工误差补偿技术可有效地针对加工中产生的特定误差进行补偿,从而提高自由曲面车削加工精度。     

光波导微模具飞切加工工艺

针对目前模压制作工艺中高精度的光波导微模具加工工艺比较复杂的问题,基于金刚石超精密机械加工技术在光学元件微结构的广泛应用提出了光波导微模具的金刚石飞切高效快速的加工方法.通过超精密飞切加工系统以硬铝为模具材料进行了工艺优化的正交试验.试验结果表明:背吃刀量对光波导微结构表面质量的影响相当敏感,主轴转速对微结构表面质量的...     

微槽结构单点金刚石飞切加工的切削力建模

超精密单点金刚石飞刀切削技术是一种比较新颖的微槽类结构加工方式。在飞切过程中,切削力是切削过程中重要的物理量,对加工后的表面质量、刀具磨损等有着直接影响。提出了一种基于直角微切削理论的动态微槽类结构飞切的力学模型,基于微切削理论,得到了前、后刀面切削力的理论模型。根据飞切的几何运动特征,建立了飞切过程中剪切角的计算模型,并根据单圈飞切实验得到了飞切过程中剪切面的变化规律。为了验证模型的正确性,采用不同切削参数进行了多圈重叠飞切实验,对切削力进行了测量和分析。实验得到的切削力大小和变化规律与理论模型计算得到的基本一致,证明了该切削力模型的有效性。     

我国非球面曲面超精密复合加工系统技术取得重大进展

2003年5月19日,由中国航空工业第一集团公司303研究所为主承担研制的非球面曲面超精密复合加工系统在西安顺利通过现场调试验收,并正式交付用户——中国兵器工业集团公司第205研究所,投入科研生产。“Nanosys-300非球面曲面超精密复     

复杂回转体工件数控磨削加工建模

以一曲线方程已知的复杂回转体内圆曲面加工为例,阐述了一种优化的磨削加工模型,以数学理论和运动合成法建立了精密数控磨床加工复杂旋转体的数学模型,得到了高精度数控加工模型,提高了数控加工工件的加工质量,并对模型做了误差分析.表明模型误差均在允许范围内,且修正模型提高了精度.     

音圈电机驱动的快刀伺服系统性能测试

研发了一种新的音圈电机驱动的超精密快刀伺服系统,行程达到30mm,最大加速度为920m/s2。通过实验手段获得系统的运动模型,用于控制器的设计。针对一类典型的光学复杂结构曲面-微小透镜阵列进行加工,并对加工结果进行测试与分析。测试结果表明,所研发的快刀伺服系统达到了加工技术要求,为该系统在实际加工中更广泛的应用打下了基础。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.