海上编队雷达网优化部署系统的设计与实现

建立海上编队雷达网优化部署系统模型,包括实体模型和认知模型。仿真海上编队雷达网在无威胁条件下的优化部署和面临干扰和超低空突防威胁时的对抗过程,经过海上编队雷达网优化部署认知模型的解算,指挥舰队编队成员进行机动部署,编队成员通过重新机动,使编队雷达网获得较好的探测性能。仿真结果表明所建立模型的可行性和正确性。对于在未来海战场复杂电磁环境下,更好地发挥编队雷达网探测、预警能力具有重要意义。     

基于改进遗传算法的雷达网优化部署方法研究

雷达网的综合效能直接影响着作战能力,研究雷达网的优化部署旨在提高其综合效能。针对雷达网优化部署涉及的影响因素众多、难以综合考虑的问题,从雷达网的覆盖率、重叠度、"四抗"能力以及费效比方面对雷达网优化部署进行约束,通过定量分析研究,并且利用改进的遗传算法加以实现,给出一种雷达网优化部署的可行办法,仿真结果表明了优化部署的可行性。     

模拟退火算法在雷达网优化部署中的应用

针对区域防空雷达网是防空作战空情预警的发展趋势,研究了雷达网优化部署问题。利用模拟退火算法全局搜索和避免局部极化的特点,结合雷达网优化部署数学模型,给出了具体的求解步骤,并通过计算机仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。结果表明,该算法的应用为雷达指挥所指挥员和作战参谋提供了雷达组网方案的辅助分析,提高了指挥所在多种战术背景下的快速反应能力和整体作战指挥能力。     

基于离散化模型的雷达优化配置与部署方法

雷达优化配置与部署问题存在模型复杂的问题,很难对其进行优化.提出了一种基于网格的离散化模型.雷达配置与部署的方案、雷达网对防区的覆盖能力以及雷达布站的约束条件都分别通过网格和矩阵进行了定量描述,在此基础上,建立了雷达优化配置与部署问题的数学模型.这样就可以采用模拟退火算法对该问题优化.仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于微分进化算法的区域雷达网抗干扰优化方法

为提高区域雷达网探测能力和抗干扰能力,提出了一种基于微分进化算法的雷达网优化布站方法.建立区域雷达网优化布站数学模型,分析了雷达网在干扰前后威力区的变化,提出了新的雷达网威力区计算方法,给出了微分进化算法在该优化问题中的求解过程.最后,针对雷达网受干扰后威力区收缩,提出了2种解决方案.仿真结果证明该优化方法是有效的.     

基于机会约束规划的雷达网部署模型

在分析影响雷达网系统效能的几个重要的不确定因素基础上,应用随机机会约束规划,分别建立雷达网中雷达数量估计和部署的数学模型,并用混合智能算法求解建立的数学模型,得到随机机会约束条件下的最优雷达网结构。     

对抗条件下雷达部署优化方法研究

针对强对抗环境下雷达网面临隐身、低空突防、复杂电子干扰等威胁问题,提出了基于雷达网探测威力和重点目标跟监能力相结合的大区域组网雷达优化部署方法,建立了雷达组网优化部署的评估指标体系和综合效能计算模型,给出了基于人工蜂群算法的雷达组网优化部署求解过程。仿真实验表明,该方法能显著提高组网效能,对雷达网作战有参考价值。     

基于粒子群算法的雷达网干扰资源分配技术研究

对雷达网干扰资源的优化分配,是一个重要而又难以解决的课题.在对粒子群算法进行基本描述的基础上,将该算法应用于雷达网干扰资源分配,来解决雷达网干扰资源优化分配的问题.最后,对算法在雷达网干扰资源分配上的技术实现进行了计算机仿真.仿真结果表明:粒子群算法能很好地解决雷达网干扰资源优化分配问题,具有较好的资源分配效益.     

基于对象petri网的雷达组网系统应用效能研究

建立了复杂环境下雷达网防空作战系统OPDL模型,并嵌入相关的数学模型,对雷达网在防空作战中的应用效能进行了仿真分析,给出了定量的分析结论。研究表明,雷达组网技术的运用有效提高了防空武器系统的作战能力,为深入分析研究雷达网的作战效能奠定了基础。     

雷达网目标分配的数学模型

本文就雷达网防空中使用多程式雷达时的目标分配问题建立了数学模型。在此基础上,给出了目标分配数学优化算法,为雷达网防空指挥控制系统中的目标分配提供了新的理论方法。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.