基于区间支持向量回归的空战目标威胁评估

针对空战目标威胁评估问题,提出了一种新的基于区间支持向量回归的评估方法。首先对空战目标威胁评估方法中常用的距离威胁模型进行了分析,在此基础上对距离威胁模型进行了改进。然后构建了基于区间数方法的威胁评估指标权重的确定方法。最后建立了基于区间支持向量回归的空战目标威胁评估模型,并进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,提出的方法具有较高的预测精度,能够准确、快速地完成多个空战目标的威胁评估。     

多机协同空战中的威胁评估与目标分配

提出了一种基于工程模糊集理论的多机协同空战威胁评估方法,通过对优势指数模糊规范化得到评估指标相对优属度,利用相邻指标相对重要性模糊标度值确定评估指标权重系数,应用模糊优选模型计算综合优势评估值,实现了多机协同空战中的威胁评估.在综合考虑威胁与优势的基础上,给出了多机协同空战目标分配的基本方案.仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效解决多机协同空战中的威胁评估与目标分配问题,且算法简洁,有较好的实时性.     

一种新型动态贝叶斯网络及其在威胁评估中的应用

针对利用基本贝叶斯网络进行威胁评估时的不足,提出利用变结构区间概率动态贝叶斯网络(VSIP-DBN)进行威胁评估。对所提出的VSIP-DBN给出了其推理算法。在充分考虑目标的空战态势及空战能力下,建立了威胁评估的VSIP-DBN模型。将观测到的数据利用VSIP-DBN推理算法进行推理,推理结果就是目标的威胁等级。以往的威胁评估需要精确获得目标的模型参数和观测数据,通过仿真对比分析,利用VSIP-DBN建立的威胁评估模型不需要精确给出模型参数,即使出现观测数据的误差,仍能准确评估出目标的威胁程度。     

区间数模糊综合评判的UCAV空战威胁评估

针对空战威胁因素信息存在模糊性、不确定性的特点,结合区间数与模糊综合评判这2种方法的各自优势,建立了基于区间数模糊综合评判的无人作战飞机(unmanned combat aerial vehecle,UCAV)空战威胁评估模型。用区间数表示各威胁因素的权重值,并用模糊综合评判方法建立起敌机与威胁因素之间的模糊关系,能够有效克服传统方法确定的恒值向量式的威胁权重值无法体现空战威胁程度模糊性、不确定性的不足、也能够弥补确定权重时专家赋值主观性过强的缺陷。仿真结果验证了该评估模型的有效性。     

不确定环境下协同空战目标分配模型

为了处理协同空战目标分配过程中出现的不确定信息,将偏好规划理论引入到目标分配中,提出了基于偏好规划的编队协同空战目标分配模型。根据协同空战的特点,构建了飞机的空战能力评估体系,建立态势评估模型,在此基础上建立了协同空战目标分配模型。模型中指标和偏好的不确定性用区间形式表示,求解方法采用RICH法。对实例进行仿真,仿真结果说明该方法在不确定环境下的有效性。     

IAHP和熵权相结合的TOPSIS法的空战目标威胁评估

针对空战目标威胁评估问题,提出了一种新的基于改进TOPSIS法的评估方法.该方法综合考虑了主观和客观因素,将运用区间层次分析法(Interval-based AHP,IAHP)求解出的威胁评估指标主观权重与运用熵权法求解出的威胁评估指标客观权重相融合得到组合权重.建立了改进的TOPSIS法评估空战目标威胁的数学模型.最后给出了评估实例,评估结果表明该方法是合理有效的.     

海上电子战目标威胁分析与评估

针对海上电子战目标威胁评估问题展开研究。首先,对目标威胁评估过程和威胁因素进行分析,综合选定威胁评估指标,建立威胁指标量化模型,指标属性值与指标权重值均选用区间值。然后,将物元分析法与折衷排序法(VIKOR)相结合,提出了基于物元区间数VIKOR的电子战目标威胁评估方法。最后,基于仿真实例应用物元区间数VIKOR方法,验证了该方法的合理性和适用性。     

基于变权TOPSIS法多属性威胁评估与任务调度

多机多目标协同空战模式下,针对动态空战态势信息的实时威胁评估和攻击任务调度问题,首先提出了空战威胁评估指标,将各评价指标相对优属度作为决策矩阵,建立基于多属性决策的优势评估模型。基于熵权法确定目标属性客观权重,基于群组AHP法确定目标属性主观权重,目标属性主客观权重进行融合得到组合权重。然后建立能够全面反映多因素对最终评估影响的变权TOPSIS多属性决策模糊威胁评估模型,并阐述了变权TOPSIS方法的计算步骤。利用蚁群算法进行任务调度。最后给出实例,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

粗糙集和区间数空袭目标威胁评估

针对现有空袭目标威胁评估方法存在的不足,提出了一种新的基于粗糙集和区间数的空袭目标威胁评估方法.首先建立了空袭目标威胁评估指标体系,给出了指标值为区间数且指标权重完全未知的指标权重计算步骤,克服了以往指标权重确定的主观性.建立了应用粗糙集和区间数评估空袭目标威胁的数学模型.提出了威胁评估指标的离散化区间,并应用粗糙集理...     

战斗机空战威胁特性建模与仿真分析

空战对抗决策的原则是规避目标威胁并使目标进入我方的威胁区,威胁特性建模是战斗机空战决策的基础。基于威胁属性,将战斗机威胁分为雷达探测威胁和导弹攻击威胁,基于雷达探测概率、目标RCS动态特性和目标暴露距离等指标对雷达威胁进行了建模分析;基于导弹攻击包络对导弹攻击威胁能力进行了建模分析,并给出战斗机威胁分布的集合描述。最后进行了仿真计算,结果表明,所建立的威胁模型能有效描述战斗机空战威胁,为战斗机空战决策提供理论基础。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.