一阶超对策模型中结局偏好认知信息集结的模式识别法

针对一类一阶n人超对策模型,提出了一种结局偏好认知信息的集结方法.首先通过对单一局中人中不同专家给出的对其他局中人结局偏好信息的不同认知进行关联分析,确定出专家的权重评价值,进而运用模糊模式识别原理,通过建立一个非线性规划模型,给出了一种新的超对策结局偏好认知信息的集结方法.最后,用一个数值例子对文中所提方法进行了说明.     

具有策略偏好的模糊双矩阵对策模型及其应用

针对局中人对策略有偏好、支付值模糊的双矩阵对策给出了一种具体的求解方法,首先根据加权算子集结得到局中人的策略偏好向量、利用模糊数排序方式将模型转化为清晰的双矩阵对策,再利用粒子群优化算法求解.最后以雷达电子对抗为例,建立了具有策略偏好的模糊双矩阵对策的作战效能评估模型,研究结果对于双方资源分配,提高作战效能具有一定的军...     

具有模糊偏好认知的两层递阶超对策模型

针对一类具有模糊结局偏好认知的两层冲突环境,建立了一个两层模糊递阶超对策模型。在决策者给定的置信水平λ下,基于模糊数截集以及模糊数之间的相对距离测度,将模糊递阶超对策模型清晰化,进而给出了模型λ递阶超纳什均衡的定义和具体的求解方法。最后,通过实例验证了该模型方法的有效性。     

基于策略偏好模糊矩阵对策的协同决策方法

基于OODA环作战理论,分析了协同作战的主要环节和机制,提出用对策论研究协同决策的思路.然后针对经典矩阵对策和模糊矩阵对策的不足,提出了一种策略偏好模糊矩阵对策模型,给出了基于模糊规划的最优策略求解算法.并以防空导弹混编群对抗反辐射导弹及载机时的纵向协同决策问题为案例,给出了协同决策的方法.     

军事冲突模糊超对策认知信息的融合

针对现代军事冲突的不确定性和模糊性,用直觉模糊数来表示军事冲突中的局中人对另一局中人在结局空间上的偏好认知,建立了军事冲突的模糊超对策模型,并对实际军事冲突中的各级指挥员对对方策略集和结局偏好的群体认知,应用D-S证据理论进行了有效融合。最后,通过实例分析说明了文中所提出方法的有效性和合理性。     

基于乘积偏好关系的专家模糊核聚类赋权方法

多属性、多目标性决策中,针对专家给出各方案偏好关系下的决策问题,提出一种基于乘积偏好关系的专家模糊核聚类赋权方法。该方法运用模糊核聚类的思想实现对决策专家的聚类,并通过放宽归一化约束条件,克服了传统模糊核聚类算法中离群点对聚类结果的影响。同时,在专家类内赋权过程中,运用CI-IOWG算子集结同类专家的意见,依据不同专家对于形成类别一致性意见的贡献程度来确定专家权重;克服了传统基于熵权或判断矩阵一致性的赋权方法的局限性。算例表明,该方法可行、有效。     

导弹武器规划方案模糊多属性决策方法

针对具有模糊决策信息的导弹武器规划方案排序问题,给出了一种模糊多属性决策方法。首先将专家给出的自然语言模糊评价指标转换成用三角模糊数表示的定量指标;然后采用Bonissone近似计算公式进行模糊指标值和模糊权值的乘积运算;对模糊加权矩阵,给出模糊TOPSIS方法进行方案排序。     

基于可能度的直觉梯形模糊数多属性群决策方法

针对专家权重和属性权重完全未知,属性值由直觉梯形模糊数形式给出的多属性群决策问题,引入直觉梯形模糊数可能度的概念,提出了一种基于可能度的决策方法。该方法首先通过专家偏好值与群体均值之间的相似度以及属性之间比较的可能度,分别求得专家权重和属性权重,进而综合专家权重和属性权重得到各方案的综合值。然后比较各方案的综合值得到可能度矩阵的排序向量,并以此为依据对方案进行排序。最后,给出算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

多冲突环境下混合模糊双矩阵对策的集结

针对策略集模糊与具有模糊支付值的多冲突环境,建立了混合模糊双矩阵对策的综合集结模型。基于局中人的约束条件,构造局中人面向多冲突环境的可行策略串集合,建立新的结局空间;在假定模糊支付值为三角模糊数的情形下,基于模糊数的运算,构造局中人在新结局空间上的合成结局模糊支付值,建立多冲突环境下的混合模糊双矩阵对策综合集结模型,将集结模型清晰化并求解。最后,给出军事想定实例,说明了模型的实用性及有效性。     

基于模糊双矩阵对策的作战效能评估模型

讨论了策略集清晰、支付值模糊的模糊双矩阵对策的一种求解方法，并以某型导弹混编群对抗ARM（反辐射导弹）及载机为案例进行研究，建立了基于模糊双矩阵对策的作战效能评估模型，研究结果对于双方资源分配，提高作战效能具有一定的军事应用价值。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.