电磁屏蔽石墨混凝土电导率实验研究

石墨混凝土具有耐酸碱、成本低、性能稳定等优点。针对电导率是材料电磁屏蔽性能的重要影响参数,以获得最佳导电性能为方向设计了石墨混凝土的探索性制备方案,研究了其配合比对混凝土电导率性能的影响,采用四针电极法考察石墨混凝土的导电性能。实验结果表明,石墨混凝土中电导率存在不均匀性,其中粗颗粒石墨混凝土比细颗粒石墨混凝土具有更好的导电性能,其值约0．8 S/cm,表现出较好的性能一致性,为工程应用提供了条件。增加20%导电镍粉,对导电性能有改善,但水灰比较大。掺碳纤维石墨混凝土样品,针对石墨质量分数71%,相对石墨掺入碳纤维2%,电导率值由0．8 S/cm降为0．17 S/cm。其中材料的多孔性是材料导电性降低的主要因素。     

Sol-gel-水热法合成Li快离子导体无机纳米粉

利用sol-gel-水热法合成Li快离子导体无机纳米粉。探讨了分散剂、碱含量及煅烧温度对纳米粉表面形貌和电导率的影响。以聚乙二醇12000为分散剂、碱含量为总体系的1.0%,在350℃煅烧的工艺条件下,合成了室温电导率达2.59×10-3S.cm-1的Li快离子导体无机纳米粉。     

准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料的制备

采用热重-差热(TG-DTA)、红外(IR)等分析测试手段,研究了聚碳硅烷(PCS)的裂解及化学转化过程,从理论上验证了先驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)600℃裂解产物的准陶瓷特性.先驱体聚碳硅烷在600℃呈现一种半有机、半无机状态,其产物具有准陶瓷的特征,在大约750℃出现无机化转变高峰,固称其为准陶瓷.以碳布、准三维编织体、三维编织体为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺在600℃制备了碳纤维增强碳化硅(Cf/SiC)准陶瓷基复合材料.结果表明,以三维编织体增强的准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料获得了较理想的结构、性能,所制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料密度仅有1.27g/cm3,弯曲强度达到193.69MPa,室温拉伸强度为197.69MPa,600℃拉伸强度为167.33MPa.复合材料断口形貌分析表明,在低温600℃制备的准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.     

光催化氧化-陶瓷超滤膜处理微污染水研究

采用光催化氧化-陶瓷超滤膜联合工艺处理微污染池塘水。通过正交试验得到最佳工艺参数组合:加药量0.5 g/L、回流比85%、曝气量5 L/min、跨膜压差0.15 MPa、膜面流速2 m/s。通过该工艺与絮凝剂-陶瓷超滤膜工艺连续运行对比试验发现,该工艺可在一定程度改善膜污染状况,提高产水率,但在出水水质上略有欠缺。     

陶瓷基复合装甲防12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹的靶试研究(Ⅳ)

利用12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹靶试陶瓷基的3种复合装甲板,探讨弹-靶的相互作用,研究陶瓷基复合装甲结构与陶瓷材料的抗弹性能.结果发现:当陶瓷板对弹丸的阻力与弹丸的作用力平衡时,陶瓷板可将弹丸挡在陶瓷板前;Al203陶瓷的抗弹能力优于(SiC+ Si)陶瓷;须约束陶瓷板才能充分发挥其抗弹优势.在分析弹-靶作用的基础上,提出“陶瓷基复合装甲存在陶瓷组元的弹靶临界厚度”概念,当陶瓷厚度大于临界厚度时,陶瓷板能将弹丸挡在陶瓷板前,而陶瓷自身的损害几乎可以忽略;陶瓷材料存在弹靶临界厚度的必要条件是其动态硬度高于弹丸,临界厚度取决于材料动态特性、靶板结构和靶板各组元的结合强度.     

惰性填料对SiCf/Si-O-C陶瓷材料的性能影响

以聚硅氧烷为先驱体,采用先驱体转化法制备了SiCf/S i-O-C陶瓷复合材料.研究了惰性填料(SiC、SiO2及SiO2空心微珠)对材料的力学性能及热性能的影响.微观结构的分析表明,填料引起的界面结构与密度的变化是影响SiCf /Si-O-C复合材料性能的主要原因.     

Si3N4和CCr15对巴氏合金摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能研究

在UMT-3摩擦磨损试验机上,将Si3N4、CCr15分别与巴氏合金进行了摩擦磨损试验,并利用扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪观察巴氏合金的磨损表面,探讨其磨损机理,为Si3N4-巴氏合金新型陶瓷轴承的实际应用提供理论依据.结果表明:载荷相同时,Si3N4-巴氏合金的平均摩擦因数和磨损率比CCr15-巴氏合金低;随着载荷的增加,Si3N4-巴氏合金的摩擦因数先升后降,波动幅度明显小于CCr15-巴氏合金;载荷为10N时,Si3N4-巴氏合金摩擦因数达到最大值0.13,在15N时达到最小值0.04;摩擦副整体磨损率较低,巴氏合金的磨损率随载荷增大而增大,平均为10-6 mm3/(N-m).在Si3N4-巴氏合金摩擦表面同时存在陶瓷氧化物润滑膜和金属磨屑,共同起到了润滑减摩的作用.Si3N4-巴氏合金作为陶瓷轴承的配合材料,具有比传统轴承更好的摩擦磨损性能,具有广阔的应用前景.     

信息/求解 Petri 网系统

绝大多数 Petri 网在变迁发生后前集库所会失去标记,不便于表达一个条件一旦具备将永远具备的情形.针对该问题,基于0-1标识与变迁发生后其前集不失去标记的思想,提出了信息/求解扩展 Petri 网系统(I/S系统).给出了I/S系统的相关定义、部分基本性质、矩阵表示、求解发生权向量的求法和状态方程.最后,给出了以I/S系统表示的几种常见滑模变结构控制策略的设计过程,该例显示了I/S系统的模型表达能力.     

Ag/AgCl电极自噪声的测定

为了验证固态Ag/AgCl电极能否满足对微弱海洋电场信号的探测,在对Ag/AgCl电极自噪声产生机理分析的基础上,设计了Ag/AgCl电极自噪声的测量实验.通过实验,测量了不同海水电导率下一对Ag/AgCl电极的自噪声.测量结果表明:该电极能满足船舶电场的近场测量,且其自噪声随海水电导率的增大而减小,当海水电导率增大到...     

不同裂解温度对制备SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料性能研究

以聚硅氧烷为先驱体,研究先驱体转化过程中在不同的裂解温度下对制备SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料性能影响.结果表明,当裂解温度在700℃、800℃时,陶瓷基复合材料的弯曲强度分别为255.2 MPa、309.0 MPa;当裂解温度在1000℃时,陶瓷基复合材料的弯曲强度为45.3 MPa.对SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料的微观结构及载荷-位移曲线进行分析,发现界面结构是影响SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料性能的主要因素.     

电磁屏蔽铜系复合导电涂料实验研究

研究了成膜树脂、铜粉含量和偶联剂含量对涂料导电性能的影响。研究结果表明 :铜粉含量为 60 %、偶联剂含量为 3%时 ,体系导电性能较好。     

金属泡沫复合材料夹芯结构的压痕响应实验

金属泡沫夹芯结构是近年来新出现的一种明显具有结构和功能一体化特点的新型轻质材料,它在临近空间飞行器、航海及汽车等领域有着广阔的应用前景。以以纤维增强复合材料面板、闭孔泡沫铝芯子为特征的复合材料夹芯结构为研究对象,对其在球形压头作用下的压痕响应、损伤模式、变形机制和失效机理进行理论分析和实验研究。研究发现,泡沫铝复合材料夹芯结构的压痕响应是夹芯结构的各个组成部分的响应、相互作用以及压头属性的综合作用结果。泡沫铝复合材料夹芯结构在球压头作用下的损伤模式为基体开裂、纤维断裂、层间分层、泡沫铝的屈服及剪切断裂五种失效模式。     

新型硅氮烷先驱体的合成和表征

采用MesiHCI2和Me（CH2=CH）SiCl2共氨解制备出流动性好的含Si-H和SiCH=CH2的低分子硅氮烷,结果表明H2PtCl6（脱水）和DCP是合适的硅氯化交联的催化剂和双键交联的引发剂。交联产物在程序控温的管式炉中裂解,得到高的陶瓷产率（＞74％wt）。     

活性炭纤维负载TiO2的光催化性能

以水玻璃为粘结剂，活性炭纤维为载体，采用涂覆法制备出负载型TiO2／ACF光催化剂，考察了不同处理工艺条件下（UV，UV＋ACF，UV＋TiO2／ACF）TNT溶液的光催化降解率，同时探讨了初始质量浓度、TiO2负载量及光照强度等因素对TNT溶液去除率的影响。结果表明，利用涂覆法可以将TiO2很好地负载到活性炭纤维表面，在光照2h条件下，TiO2／ACF光催化剂对TNT溶液的降解率可达90．4％。     

Shock initiation performance of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive

3-nitro-1,2,4-tri-azol-5-one (NTO) is a high energy insensitive explosive. To study the shock initiation process of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive JEOL-1 (32%octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 32% NTO, 28% Al and 8% binder system), the cylinder test, the gap experiments and numerical simulation were carried out. Firstly, we got the detonation velocity (7746 m/s) and the parameters of Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS) for detonation product by cylinder test and numerical simulation. Secondly, the Hugoniot curve of unreacted explosive for JEOL-1 was obtained calculating the data of pressure and time at different Lagrangian positions. Then the JWL EOS of unreacted explosive was obtained by utilizing the Hugoniot curve as the reference curve. Finally, we got the pressure growth history of JEOL-1 under shock wave stimulation and the parameters of the ignition and growth reaction rate equation were obtained by the pressure-time curves measured by the shock-initiation gap experiment and numerical simulation. The determined trinomial ignition and growth model (IG model) parameters can be applied to subsequently simulation analysis and design of insensitive ammunition with NTO-based polymer bonded explosive.     

Inventory competition with yield reliability improvement

This article studies the inventory competition under yield uncertainty. Two firms with random yield compete for substitutable demand: If one firm suffers a stockout, which can be caused by yield failure, its unsatisfied customers may switch to its competitor. We first study the case in which two competing firms decide order quantities based on the exogenous reliability levels. The results from the traditional inventory competition are generalized to the case with yield uncertainty and we find that quantity and reliability can be complementary instruments in the competition. Furthermore, we allow the firms to endogenously improve their yield reliability before competing in quantity. We show that the reliability game is submodular under some assumptions. The results indicate that the competition in quantity can discourage the reliability improvement. With an extensive numerical study, we also demonstrate the robustness of our analytical results in more general settings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 107–126, 2015     

A unified model incorporating yield,burn‐in,and reliability

The correlated improvement in yield and reliability has been observed in the case studies on integrated circuits and electronic assemblies. This paper presents a model that incorporates yield and reliability with the addition of a burn‐in step to explain their correlated improvement. The proposed model includes as special cases several yield and reliability models that have been previously published and thus provides a unifying framework. The model is used to derive a condition for which yield functions can be multiplied to obtain the overall yield. Yield and reliability are compared as a function of operation time, and an analytical condition for burn‐in to be effective is also obtained. Finally, Poisson and negative binomial defects models are further considered to investigate how reliability is based on yield. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

离子液体[SO3H-Bmim][HSO4]催化餐饮废油制备生物柴油

实验合成了一种磺酸基功能化离子液体,并用于催化高酸值餐饮废油制备生物柴油。当醇油物质的量之比为8∶1,离子液体用量为废油质量的0.8%,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为180min,生物柴油的产率可达到90.6%。该离子液体可以在比较温和的条件下将餐饮废油的酸值从13.22mgKOH/g降低到1mgKOH/g以下,然后利用NaOH催化生产生物柴油,会达到更高的产率,更为经济可行。     

紫外告警距离测算

紫外告警系统是光电对抗系统的重要组成部分,为军事平台的光电对抗决策提供指引,告警距离是紫外告警系统最重要的技术指标之一,通过对紫外告警系统工作原理分析,基于典型目标(导弹)的紫外辐射特征和紫外辐射的大气传输特性,从工程应用的实际出发,对紫外告警系统告警距离的测算方法进行了研究.研究表明半实物仿真的测算方法在逼真度和操作性上都是令人满意的.