高超声速防空导弹结构防热技术展望

近年来,高超声速防空导弹成为各军事大国研究热门。高超声速防空导弹飞行速度马赫数超过5,因此如何准确确定气动加热环境和进行热防护设计,选择合适的防热结构方案,是研制高超声速防空导弹的重要关键技术。基于未来高超声速防空导弹可能面临的热环境,并结合目前国内外在热防护材料及热结构方面的发展状况,介绍几种适合未来高超声速防空导弹的防热设计方案。     

防空导弹引信与导引头一体化设计

本文论述了防空导弹无线电引信与导引头一体化设计的技术途径,包括引信体制和功能、电路设计、信号处理及结构设计的一体化;列出一体化设计体现导引头和引信信号的综合利用,减少体积重量,提高了引信与战斗部的配合效率等优点;指出实现一体化设计的技术可能和当今国外防空导弹无线电引信广泛采用的发展趋势,分析了引信与导引头一体化设计时为提高引战配合效率和抗干扰所采取的措施及信息处理方法。     

国内外导弹热结构分析研究综述

对国内外导弹的气动加热、材料热特性、结构热防护技术的研究情况作了综述分析,提出了目前研究中工程上解决的一些方法以及对热结构的综合性与限制性分析的看法,对热结构尤其是防空导弹的热结构工程应用性研究有参考意义。     

基于引制一体化技术的引战配合可视化仿真

介绍了基于制导引信一体化技术的防空导弹引战配合数字仿真系统,以某防空导弹攻击其典型目标为例,对引信、战斗部和目标的作用过程进行动态仿真,给出了仿真结果,并提出了一种基于OpenGL的引战配合数字仿真可视化实现方法,从而更直观地显示出基于制导引信一体化技术的引战配合效果以及对目标的毁伤程度.为日后进一步提高基于制导引信一体化技术的防空导弹引战配合效率提供了参数依据,在提高防空导弹武器系统的性能上具有重要意义.     

大姿控力矩复合控制导弹制导控制一体化设计

针对高速机动目标拦截过程中存在目标机动信息未知等问题,提出一种结合有限时间收敛的非线性干扰观测器与动态面反步设计的复合控制导弹制导控制一体化设计方法。首先,建立了姿控模式复合控制导弹制导控制一体化模型,采用有限时间收敛的非线性干扰观测器估计目标加速度信息、建模误差以及气动参数不确定等信息。其次,基于动态面的反步法设计了一体化控制律,避免了传统反步法的"微分爆炸"问题。最后,采用Lyapunov理论分析了闭环系统的稳定性。数学仿真结果验证了所设计的复合控制导弹制导控制一体化算法的正确性和有效性。     

防空导弹防热综合设计研究

介绍了防空导弹在研制过程中出现的各类热防护与热设计问题,主要包括气动热环境预测、壁面温度分布计算、舱内仪器设备热分析等,并提出了热环境-热防护-舱内环境耦合设计理念、工程实现方法和途径,给出了一些典型算例的研究对比结果,阐述了目前针对这些问题研究的进展和取向,提出了今后应重点研究和解决的问题.     

高超声速飞行器前缘流-热-固一体化计算

针对高超声速流动气动加热与结构传热的复杂耦合问题,探索和研究基于有限体积法的高超声速流-热-固一体化求解方法,将流场与结构温度场进行统一建模与数值模拟。该方法避开了传统气动加热和结构传热耦合求解方法在时间域内进行流场与结构温度场耦合交替迭代计算所带来的大量数据交换与计算,将流场与结构温度场作为一个物理场,采用统一的控制方程进行求解。采用典型高超声速绕流二维圆管稳态或非稳态流-热-固耦合算例对该一体化方法进行验证,稳态时圆管驻点温度最高达到648 K,非稳态时的热流密度和结构温度与参考文献和实验值吻合较好,由此证明了该方法的可靠性和正确性。与耦合计算方法的对比分析结果表明:该一体化求解方法所得计算结果更接近实验值,并且计算量和网格依赖性都相对较小,具有更好的稳定性和计算精度,能为高超声速飞行器一体化热防护设计提供有效的理论和技术支撑。     

VB-Matlab混合编程实现导弹制导控制一体化仿真

介绍了Visual Basic与Matlab混合编程方法在实现导弹制导控制一体化仿真中的应用.此方法突破了以往利用单一Matlab语言实现导弹制导控制一体化仿真的限制,实现了良好的人机交互,同时降低了编程难度,提高了编程效率.首先介绍了几种VB与Matlab混合编程的方法;然后,对导弹制导控制一体化进行建模并分析;最后通过所设计的仿真界面具体介绍Visual Basic与Matlab混合编程的应用,并通过仿真验证了所设计的仿真界面工作的有效性,同时也反映出所采用的制导控制一体化能有效地提高导弹的制导性能.     

基于UML的导弹伺服测试系统通用设计方法

分析了导弹伺服测试系统组成及功能,采用UML静态建模技术构建了导弹伺服测试系统设计的需求描述模型,运用动态建模方法建立了系统结构模型和行为模型,并以上述模型为基础,设计了导弹伺服测试系统通用软硬件结构。该方法优化了导弹伺服测试系统共性设计,并创建了特性模型架构和特化接口,有效提高了系统的设计效率和开发质量。     

海防型号导弹指挥仪结构设计的环境防护问题

本文拟就海防型号导弹指挥仪结构设计中所碰到的一些环境防护问题以及在设计中如何考虑和解决这些问题提出一些看法。在指挥仪设备中,接触元件和螺纹联接件的环境防护是最薄弱的环节。对于岸—舰、舰—舰、潜—舰型号导弹指挥仪,采用整机密封结构并与多种防护措施联合使用,是目前比较有效的环境防护手段;对于空—舰型号导弹指挥仪,必须重视减震系统和通电搭铁的环境防护问题。海防型号导弹指挥仪的环境防护设计是一项较为复杂而又重要的工作,必须加强环境试验,提高指挥仪设备对环境的适应能力。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.