物体识别不变性方法比较分析(Ⅰ)——统计方法

在计算机视觉与模式识别中,如何从不同的角度来识别同一物体而与该物体的位置、放置方向无关,是一个关键的课题,至今仍无很好的解决方法。本文中,我们总结了现有的方法,并将它们分为统计方法、解析方法和神经网络方法3类,并对这些方法的两个主要性能指标,即噪声敏感性和变形敏感性进行了模拟分析,模拟工作是在Masscom高速微巨机上完成的。最后,我们提出了一种新的方法。     

论学习方法的探索和完善

学习方法是教学方法的构成部分,是教学成功与否的关键。学习方法的完善既需要教师的积极引导,也需要学生自身的探索。本文分析了探索和完善学习方法的重要意义,指出了在探索、运用学习方法方面教师的责任和学生的努力方向     

孙武子军事方法论探讨

《孙子兵法》运用了当时高度科学的方法论 ,主要表现在三个方面 :一是站在哲学发展前沿理性地看问题 ,二是运用了朴素的系统论和运筹计算方法 ,三是运用了传统的直觉致思方式与归纳实证方法。这是该兵法能具有广泛、持久影响力的重要原因。     

C~3I系统可靠性评估中的几个关键问题

C3I系统的可靠性评估是摆在我们面前的一个难题。因为它结构复杂、组成单元种类多。在实际工程设计时,人们往往只考虑设备的可靠性,这是不够的。本文介绍C3I系统中三个关键成分的可靠性评估方法：复杂系统可靠性评估方法、软件可靠性评估方法和值班操作人员可靠性评估方法。有了这三个可靠性评估方法,C3I系统的可靠性评估就变得合理而可行。     

二十世纪中国国防经济学研究述评

作为一个正在发展中的学科,中国国防经济学在原创性创新、研究方法等万面还有不少的欠缺。二十一世纪是中国国防经济学走向成熟的时期,中国国防经济学必须抓住机遇,在研究范式、研究方法、研究视野等方面有更大的发展。     

把系统论的思想贯彻到工作中去

系统分析方法是辩证分析方法的一种新形式,是唯物辩证法普遍联系原理的具体化,它把客观世界的联系转化为多层次、多方位、多因素、多变量的动态联系整体,揭示出“联系”、“关系”在事物存在、运动和发展中的作用。它是现代科学发展的新成果,是我们做好领导工作必须掌握的一种科学方法。随着部队现代化程度逐步提高,越来越要求我们在具体工作中,要正确处理好整体与部分、结构与功能、上下层次、事物与环境等等之间的相互关系。     

作战潜能和作战能力计算方法探析

我们在科学研究中经常会用到战斗力、战斗能力、作战能力、作战效能、作战潜能 (作战潜力 )等概念 ,但在使用过程中往往又会出现“模糊”地理解其含义的情况。作战潜能是相对于基准单位潜能的数量特征 ,是一个静态量 ,是一个相对量 ;作战能力是火力单位所能完成的火力任务量 ,是一个绝对量。本文主要探讨作战潜能 (作战潜力 )、作战能力的概念、区别、联系和计算方法。重点探讨其计算方法而不是理论阐述。     

浅谈历史计量方法在军事历史研究中的运用

军事历史研究是军事科学研究的一个重要领域。随着军事历史研究的不断深入,历史计量方法的运用日益受到重视,尤其是电子计算机的普及化趋势,更为历史计量方法的运用开辟了广阔前景。一、历史计量方法是军事历史研究的一种重要方法历史计量方法是历史研究中的一种定量分析方法,它和其他历史研究方法一样,是分析研究历史的重要手段。在现代意义上,历史计     

发挥历史科学在军事决策中的作用

军事决策是否符合军事运动的发展规律,取决于决策的方法是否科学。决策方法有“硬“软”两种。“硬”方法是指采用数学化、模型化、计算机化、形式化以及运筹学、系统工程等理论和方法;“软”方法是指运用包括历史学在内的一切社会科学进行决策。“硬”方法具有准确性、时效性等特点,在决策活动中     

一种基于图像分类的遥感图像配准方法

遥感图像配准是遥感图像融合中最重要的预处理步骤。寻找适应性强、精度高、计算快的配准算法一直是研究的核心问题。在研究现有配准算法的基础上,提出了一种基于图像分类的特征匹配方法。该方法在基于控制点的多项式粗配准的基础上,利用分类图像相关实现了基于仿射变换模型的精配准。实验结果表明:对于同质和异质遥感图像,此方法的配准精度都达到了子像素级;而计算量与传统的基于灰度相关的方法和基于特征匹配的方法相比则大为减少。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.