分布式放大前传中继辅助多用户对等通信中的鲁棒波束成形

针对分布式放大前传中继辅助多用户对等通信系统研究了存在非理想信道状态信息(CSI)时的分布式中继网络(DRN)鲁棒波束成形设计问题。采用统计CSI误差模型,考虑了两种鲁棒优化问题:一是从公平性的角度出发在DRN总发送功率约束下实现多个目的节点间的信干噪比(SINR)平衡;另一是从有效性的角度出发在保证各个目的节点服务质量需求(SINR大于预设门限)约束下最小化DRN总发送功率。对问题的分析和建模表明,在多用户情况下,这两个问题都是难以求解的优化问题。通过引入半定松弛(SDR)思想,将上述两种优化问题转化为可利用内点法有效求解的半定规划(SDP)问题。最后通过仿真验证了所提设计的鲁棒性能。     

信道互易性对分布式MIMO雷达检测性能影响的研究

为研究分布式多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达天线收发共用导致的信道互易性对检测性能的影响,首先利用分布式MIMO相控阵雷达观测目标时的信号模型分析了天线收发共用导致的信道互易性;然后,在考虑信道互易性条件下依据相关信道间的目标回波相参积累、独立信道间目标回波非相参积累的方法推导了分布式MIMO雷达的似然比检测器;最后,仿真分析了有信道互易性和无信道互易性两种情况下分布式MIMO雷达的检测概率曲线。仿真结果表明:在一定条件下,信道互易性可有效提高分布式MIMO雷达的检测性能。     

蜂窝网络中基于干扰控制的D2D通信联合资源分配方案

在蜂窝网络中部署D2D(Device-to-Device)通信能够有效提升频谱利用率,降低基站负载,但D2D用户与蜂窝用户共享无线信道时会产生信号干扰。提出了一种联合资源分配算法,通过综合考虑信道分配对网络中已有的蜂窝用户和D2D用户的信号干扰,并在小区范围内寻找具有最小干扰值的信道资源分配给用户,以实现有效的干扰控制。仿真结果显示:联合资源分配能够提升D2D链路、蜂窝链路的信噪比及系统总吞吐量,使得蜂窝网络的整体性能优于独立资源分配。     

基于随机搜索策略的中继卫星调度方法

高质量的调度方案不仅能满足用户的需求,还能为中继卫星系统的计划编制提供科学的决策手段和依据。针对日益多样化的用户需求,采用全新的中继卫星调度应用模式,允许用户提交多个可以滑动的时间窗口。面向这种调度模式,考虑中继业务中任务调度的灵活性和任务间的冲突,构建考虑多滑动窗口的中继卫星调度模型,并设计基于随机搜索策略的中继卫星调度算法。算法包括任务资源匹配与邻域生成、可用时间段生成、任务冲突分析、邻域搜索与冲突消解以及资源与任务集更新5个算子。通过仿真实验将该算法与基于时间自由度的启发式算法进行对比,验证了算法的有效性。     

两跳OFDM译码转发中继系统的功率分配研究

分析了系统总功率约束和各节点独立功率约束条件下的中继信道,提出了以最大化系统容量为准则的两跳中继系统联合子载波配对和功率优化分配算法。算法先进行子载波配对,然后选出一组信道增益最大的子载波进行平均功率分配,最后通过迭代得到功率分配结果。为了进一步降低系统复杂度,我们利用相邻子载波之间的相关性,用若干相邻子载波组成一个等效子信道。仿真结果表明,所提算法可以在大大降低反馈量的情况下达到和注水功率分配几乎相同的系统容量。     

无人机辅助通信网络中基于强化学习的用户速率优化算法

无人机辅助地面蜂窝基站,形成混合的通信网络有望成为提升用户速率的一种重要手段。针对无人机辅助基站的通信网络,提出基于多臂赌博机的用户速率优化算法（multi-armed bandits-based rate optimization,MBRO）。先建立联合优化问题,再分别利用改进后K-means聚类算法和多臂赌博机算法求解。MBRO算法利用K-means聚类算法实现无人机的部署,并利用多臂赌博机算法完成信道分配和无人机的传输功率分配。仿真结果表明,相比于同类的基准算法,MBRO算法提高用户端速率。     

一种基于最小生成树的无线多跳网络信道分配算法

为提高无线多跳网络的吞吐量和传输可靠性,提出一种信道分配算法。该算法优先考虑最小生成树上的可用信道,为每个节点分配信道资源;然后考虑利用生成树外其他可用链路,为节点提供信道资源,以提高吞吐量。算法通过考虑每个用户的通信需求,可以充分利用空闲信道资源。仿真结果显示,相比于不考虑最小生成树外链路时,有效地提高了网络整体吞吐量。     

MIMO-OFDM系统Turbo接收机中的信道估计器

设计了一种新的MIMO-OFDM系统Turbo接收机中的信道估计器.考虑了信道估计误差对编码比特外信息计算的影响,利用软球形译码器的搜索列表和解码器反馈的先验信息对传统EM信道估计中的软信息近似处理进行了修正,获得了更为准确的软符号统计信息用于信道估计,提出了考虑软符号互相关性的Bayesian EM(BEM)信道估计算法.仿真结果表明,新算法较传统EM算法具有更低的误码率和更小的估计均方误差值.     

MIMO信道的三维互相关模型及其相关特性分析

针对频率选择性衰落MIMO移动信道,建立三维(3D)纯随机模型,并推导出3D MIMO信道模型的联合空时频相关函数。新的3D模型统一了现有的多种信道模型,新的联合空时相关函数综合考虑了信道收发两端的多普勒扩展、信号到达方向与离开方向的3D非均匀扩展与两端天线阵的配置。最后基于新的相关函数,分析了非均匀角度扩展参数以及阵元配置参数的变化对MIMO信道相关特性的影响。     

基于信任中继的QKD网络研究

基于信任中继的量子密钥分发(QKD)网络由于其组网效果好、扩展性强、技术容易实现成为未来保密通信组网的首选方案。文章首先介绍QKD网络的分类和现状;然后提出信任中继网络的基本网络拓扑模型,在此基础上分析了网络的信道和密钥中继方式;最后提出了影响信任中继网络组网效果和性能的决定性参量,分析比较了信任中继网络采用不同选路方式的优缺点。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.