基于Matlab的齿轮传动可靠性优化设计

在油料装备齿轮传动设计中,大多采用传统设计方法,存在人为误差大,计算精度低,难于找到符合需求的最优解等问题。提出了以齿轮传动可靠性为基础,将齿轮体积最小分解为中心距最小和齿宽最小双目标函数建立数学模型,利用Matlab程序实现齿轮传动的优化设计。实例证明,该方法在保证齿轮可靠度前提下可有效减小齿轮体积,并能更好适应产品要求。此方法简单、实用,易于设计人员掌握,并可应用于其它机械的优化设计。     

A novel gradient approach for optimal design and sensitivity analysis of EWMA control charts

Conventional control charts are often designed to optimize out‐of‐control average run length (ARL), while constraining in‐control ARL to a desired value. The widely employed grid search approach in statistical process control (SPC) is time‐consuming with unsatisfactory accuracy. Although the simulation‐based ARL gradient estimators proposed by Fu and Hu [Manag Sci 45 (1999), 395–413] can alleviate this issue, it still requires a large number of simulation runs to significantly reduce the variance of gradient estimators. This article proposes a novel ARL gradient estimation approach based on integral equation for efficient analysis and design of control charts. Although this article compares with the results of Fu and Hu [Manag Sci 45 (1999), 395–413] based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, the proposed approach has wide applicability as it can generally fit into any control chart with Markovian property under any distributions. It is shown that the proposed method is able to provide a fast, accurate, and easy‐to‐implement algorithm for the design and analysis of EWMA charts, as compared to the simulation‐based gradient estimation method. Moreover, the proposed gradient estimation method facilitates the computation of high‐order derivatives that are valuable in sensitivity analysis. The code is written in Matlab, which is available on request. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 223–237, 2014     

A technique which combines modified pattern search methods with composite designs and polynomial constraints to solve constrained optimization problems

This paper presents a method of selecting design parameters which optimizes a specific measure (aircraft design example: minimum weight, maximum mission effectiveness) and guarantees designated levels of response in specified areas (such as combal ceiling, acceleration time). The method employs direct search optimization applied to a nonlinear functional constrained by nonlinear surfaces. The composite design technique is combined with regression methods to determine adequate surface representations with a minimum of required data points. A sensitivity analysis is conducted at the optimum set of design parameters to test for uniqueness.     

SpaceWire时延抖动的仿真

SpaceWire总线是欧洲空间局为航天应用而设计的一种高速、点对点、全双工的总线网络[1]。时延抖动是表征网络传输性能的关键参数,它度量了端到端的最大传输时延和最小传输时延的差。通过建模仿真,对于某特定应用场景下的SpaceWire总线的时延抖动进行了定量分析和研究。利用Opnet建立仿真模型,通过仿真得出最大传输时延和最小传输时延,从而统计出时延抖动。并且对时延抖动进行定性定量的分析,获得对时延抖动有影响的关键参数。跟据分析结论,提出了改善时延抖动的建议和方法。本文的研究成果对于构建低时延抖动的SpaceWire总线网络提供参考。     

One machine sequencing to minimize mean flow time with minimum number tardy

The problem of sequencing n jobs on one machine is considered, under the multiple objective of minimizing mean flow time with the minimum number of tardy jobs. A simple procedure is first proposed to schedule for minimum flow time with a specified subset of jobs on time. This is used in conjunction with Moore's Algorithm in a simple heuristic producing good and often optimal schedules. A branch-bound algorithm is presented to produce the optimal schedule efficiently with the help of several theorems which eliminate much branching.     

Algorithm to solve a chance‐constrained network capacity design problem with stochastic demands and finite support

We consider the problem of determining the capacity to assign to each arc in a given network, subject to uncertainty in the supply and/or demand of each node. This design problem underlies many real‐world applications, such as the design of power transmission and telecommunications networks. We first consider the case where a set of supply/demand scenarios are provided, and we must determine the minimum‐cost set of arc capacities such that a feasible flow exists for each scenario. We briefly review existing theoretical approaches to solving this problem and explore implementation strategies to reduce run times. With this as a foundation, our primary focus is on a chance‐constrained version of the problem in which α% of the scenarios must be feasible under the chosen capacity, where α is a user‐defined parameter and the specific scenarios to be satisfied are not predetermined. We describe an algorithm which utilizes a separation routine for identifying violated cut‐sets which can solve the problem to optimality, and we present computational results. We also present a novel greedy algorithm, our primary contribution, which can be used to solve for a high quality heuristic solution. We present computational analysis to evaluate the performance of our proposed approaches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 236–246, 2016     

基于GRA-PSO算法的端铣工艺参数多目标优化

考虑生产实际的需求,综合最小变形误差、最大金属切除率和最大刀具耐用度建立端铣工艺参数多目标优化模型。通过对粒子群全局寻优能力和灰色理论的适应性综合分析,研究提出耦合粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Op-timization,PSO）和灰色关联（Gray Relevancy Analysis,GRA）的多目标工艺参数优化算法。该方法将多目标函数的优化问题转化为优化单项灰关联度,得到了多项工艺指标要求下的参数优化组合。将该方法应用在多目标工艺参数优化设计中取得了满意的结果,表明其具有很大的适应性。     

Economic design of a two-stage control chart based on both performance and surrogate variables

The traditional approach to economic design of control charts is based on the assumption that a process is monitored using only a performance variable. If, however, the performance variable is costly to measure and a less expensive surrogate variable is available, the process may be more efficiently controlled by using both performance and surrogate variables. In this article we propose a model for economic design of a two-stage control chart which uses a highly correlated surrogate variable together with a performance variable. The process is assumed to be monitored by the surrogate variable until it signals out-of-control behavior, then by the performance variable until it signals out-of-control behavior or maintains in-control signals for a prespecified amount of time, and the two variables are used in alternating fashion. An algorithm based on the direct search method of Hooke and Jeeves [6] is used to find the optimum values of design parameters. The proposed model is applied to the end-closure welding process for nuclear fuel to compute the amount of reduction in cost compared with the current control procedure. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 958–977, 1999     

跨谱域低可探测的电磁超构表面天线

针对低可探测飞行器平台对天线的新需求,提出并设计了微波与红外跨谱域低可探测的电磁超构表面天线.将电磁超构表面设计思想融入天线设计中,在正常辐射下,使其具有电磁超构表面的吸波特性.该设计不用额外加载电磁超构表面,仅利用天线自身结构就能减缩其雷达散射截面.在此基础上,为了实现天线红外低可探测,设计了微波频段透波、红外频段低...     

航空时敏制导炸弹增程弹道组合优化设计

为增强航空时敏制导炸弹在中制导段的滑翔能力,将极小值原理与自适应进化粒子群算法相结合,提出了一种适用于航空时敏制导炸弹增程弹道的组合优化设计方法。基于纵向平面内质心运动模型,推导了性能指标泛函及各不等式约束函数。引入Lagrange乘子矢量并建立相应的Hamilton函数实现无约束泛函极值问题的转换,推导出兼顾各优化目标函数的满意优化模型。利用自适应进化粒子群算法对该段增程弹道进行了攻角与弹翼张合档位双设计变量的组合优化。数值仿真算例表明,在满足状态方程约束的条件下,双变量的增程效果比常规单变量控制时显著提高,其优化结果可为制导炸弹弹道规划设计的研究提供一定的理论参考。     

Variable sampling plans for normal distribution indexed by Taguchi's loss function

Taguchi has presented an approach to quality improvement in which reduction of deviation from the target value is the guiding principle. In this approach any measured value x of a product characteristic X brings a loss to consumer in general, where the loss is expressed as a quadratic form with respect to the difference between the measured value x and the target value T of a product characteristic. Then, it is natural to reject the lot which may bring a large loss to consumer. This concept induces us to construct new variable sampling plans based on the Taguchi's loss criterion. In this article, a design procedure of the sampling plans for assuring the loss in the Taguchi's method is proposed. Some numerical results based on the proposed design procedures are illustrated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 591–603 (1997)     

Shock wave mitigation using zig-zag structures and cylindrical obstructions

The present study focuses on the mitigation of shock wave using novel geometric passages in the flow field. The strategy is to produce multiple shock reflections and diffractions in the passage with minimum flow obstruction, which in turn is expected to reduce the shock wave strength at the target location. In the present study the interaction of a plane shock front (generated from a shock tube) with various geometric designs such as, 1) zig-zag geometric passage, 2) staggered cylindrical obstructions and 3) zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions have been investigated using computational technique. It is seen from the numerical simulation that, among the various designs, the maximum shock attenuation is produced by the zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions which is then followed by zig-zag passage and staggered cylindrical obstructions. A comprehensive investigation on the shock wave reflection and diffraction phenomena happening in the proposed complex passages have also been carried out. In the new zig-zag design, the initial shock wave undergoes shock wave reflection and diffraction process which swaps alternatively as the shock front moves from one turn to the other turn. This cyclic shock reflection and diffraction process helps in diffusing the shock wave energy with practically no obstruction to the flow field. It is found that by combining the shock attenuation ability of zig-zag passage (using shock reflection and diffraction) with the shock attenuation ability of cylindrical blocks (by flow obstruction), a drastic attenuation in shock strength can be achieved with moderate level of flow blocking.     

Sensor radiation interception risk control in target tracking

This paper is mainly on the problem of radiation interception risk control in sensor network for target tracking. Firstly, the sensor radiation interception risk is defined as the product of the interception probability and the cost caused by the interception. Secondly, the radiation interception probability model and cost model are established, based on which the calculation method of interception risk can be obtained. Thirdly, a sensor scheduling model of radiation risk control is established, taking the minimum interception risk as the objective function. Then the Hungarian algorithm is proposed to obtain sensor scheduling scheme. Finally, simulation experiments are mad to prove the effectiveness of the methods proposed in this paper, which shows that compared with the sensor radiation interception probability control method, the interception risk control method can keep the sensor scheduling scheme in low risk as well as protect sensors of importance in the sensor network.     

二阶线性系统高阶PI观测器设计问题

考虑二阶线性系统的高阶比例积分(PI)观测器设计问题,提出了一种参数化方法。该方法给出了该类观测器的增益矩阵和左特征向量矩阵的参数化表达式。这些参数为控制系统设计提供了全部自由度,可通过优化等手段适当选择这些参数来满足某些性能要求,如干扰解耦、LTR和鲁棒性等。该观测器设计的参数化直接基于二阶线性系统的参数矩阵,不涉及二阶线性系统的变换或增广,表明了所提方法的简单有效性。     

基于代理模型的卫星系统仿真优化平台

针对既定目标,采用卫星系统进行协同观测可以最大化卫星系统的整体效能,如何对卫星系统的轨道或载荷参数设计是一个设计空间大、设计变量多的优化问题。对此,采用基于代理模型的仿真优化,通过改进广义模式搜索算法在设计空间中搜索最优解,并以此为核心设计开发卫星系统仿真优化平台。该平台集成问题建模、仿真优化和结果评估显示,为用户提供设计和改进卫星系统方案的方法和依据。采用该平台对卫星系统设计实例进行优化,通过对比发现,平台的优化结果稳定性和优化效率优于STK-Analyzer。     

Numerical and experimental study on the response characteristics of warhead in the fast cook-off process

The response characteristics of the warhead under thermal stimuli conditions are important to the safety improvement. The goal of this study is to obtain data on the warhead in the fast cook-off process. In this paper, a numerical calculation method is proposed, whose reliability is supported by comparison with experimental results. Through the numerical calculation, the temperature distribution, temperature change, and ignition time are acquired. The numerical results show that the ignition time is 76 s after the warhead started to burn and that the maximum temperature of the explosive's outer surface is 238.3 C at the ignition time. The fast cook-off experiment of the warhead is implemented so as to get the flame temperature and reaction grades that are not available through numerical calculation. The experimental results show that the overpressure fails to reach the preset minimum value which is equivalent to 6 kg of TNT and that the reaction grade is deflagration. The research results have reference value for the design of the warhead and the reduction of detonation risks.     

模糊PID控制在制导滑翔弹滚动稳定回路中的应用

由于制导滑翔弹在不同高度变速飞行过程中,其飞行动力系数随着飞行条件的变化而发生较大变化,呈现严重的非线性,给控制系统的设计带来较大困难。结合模糊控制和PID控制的特点,提出一种基于模糊PID的控制系统设计新方法,并将此方法用于制导滑翔弹稳定回路中,仿真结果表明这种控制器可使系统获得很好的相对稳定性和鲁棒特性,并克服了工程上自动驾驶仪PID控制参数设计中的盲目性。     

Strategic “defensivism” and post-reset blues: US–Russian nuclear arms reductions,missile defenses and minimum deterrence

US nuclear deterrence and arms control policy may be moving, by design and by inadvertence, toward a posture of strategic “defensivism”. Strategic “defensivism” emphasizes the overlapping and reinforcing impact of: (1) reductions in US, Russian and possibly other strategic nuclear forces, possibly down to the level of “minimum deterrence,” (2) deployment of improved strategic and/or theater antimissile defenses for the US, NATO allies and other partners; and (3) additional reliance on conventional military forces for some missions hitherto preferentially assigned to nuclear weapons. This article deals with the first two of these aspects only: the interaction between missile defenses and offensive force reductions in US–Russian strategy and policy. The findings are that stable deterrence as between the USA and Russia is possible at lower than New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty levels, but reductions below 1000 deployed long-range weapons for each state, toward a true minimum deterrent posture, will require multilateral as opposed to bilateral coordination of arms limitations. Missile defenses might provide some denial capability against light attacks by states with small arsenals, but they still fall short of meaningful damage limitation as between powers capable of massive nuclear strikes.     

静止无功补偿器的串联补偿控制

通过建立串联补偿装置的数学模型,给出了主要环节的参数设计原则和一种适合不对称控制的快速系统负序电压检测方法.利用串联补偿控制方法解决StatCom在系统不对称条件下的运行问题.仿真结果证明了所提方案的可行性和有效性.     

卫星导航系统功率增强子星座优化设计与性能分析

卫星功率增强技术是提高区域导航信号抗干扰性能的一种有效措施,在卫星导航全星座中优选出卫星数量少、服务性能优的功率增强子星座,是新一代卫星导航系统建设迫切需要解决的问题。因此提出基于卫星数最少准则的功率增强子星座优化设计方法,详细介绍设计流程、数学模型及最优解搜索策略;定义了可用性水平、精度水平和覆盖范围等指标评估功率增强子星座性能;以GPS为例,分别针对覆盖点目标和区域目标两种应用背景进行功率增强子星座优化设计及性能评估。分析结果表明:全球范围内任意目标点进行功率增强需要12～17颗卫星;实现对我国沿海地区的连续覆盖需要18颗功率增强卫星;覆盖整个亚太地区则需要全星座24颗卫星都具备功率增强能力,这样才能满足其连续性和精度要求,此时最优功率增强子星座的服务范围可扩充至全球区域。