一种基于变结构控制理论的寻的制导律

基于变结构控制理论,推导了一种新型制导规律,该制导规律可有效地对付高度机动目标,并且不需要显式的目标机动估计。仿真结果显示该制导律具有优良的性能。     

基于虚拟目标的反舰导弹的最优制导律研究

为了对抗敌方预警系统的跟踪、预测以及远程防空导弹的拦截,反舰导弹的飞行弹道应采用大空域变轨弹道。将弹目相对运动分解为俯仰和航向两个平面内的运动,考虑了制导过程中能量消耗最小以及末端角度要求,分别设计了两个平面内的最优制导律。利用该制导律可以引导反舰导弹向大空域内任何虚拟目标进行变轨机动,从而实现了各种各样的大空域变轨弹道。只要虚拟目标参数设置合适,反舰导弹的各项性能指标均能满足要求。弹道仿真表明了所设计的最优制导律的有效性。     

机动高速目标的全向拦截制导律研究

针对机动高速目标拦截制导问题,建立了全向拦截机动高速目标的相对运动方程,推导并设计了能同时进行顺轨和逆轨拦截的全向真比例(OTPN)制导律,无需对目标加速度的估计和增加修正项即可满足对机动目标的拦截制导,能有效避免目标机动参数估计误差对制导精度的影响。数值仿真结果验证了OTPN拦截制导律可有效拦截机动高速目标,同等初始条件下,OTPN在捕获范围、弹道特性、过载变化、总控制量等拦截参数上均优于传统的经典比例、负比例及其扩展制导方案。     

中制导虚拟目标的定位参数研究

基于虚拟目标的优化导引中制导拦截弹道轨迹及其能耗与虚拟目标的位置紧密相关,决定该位置的参数包括中末制导交班距离和视场基准角等.首先研究了弹道特性随定位参数的变化规律并提出通过滚转实现视场基准角的负取值,在此基础上得出满足多约束条件的虚拟目标定位参数的设置方法.利用该方法所产生的虚拟目标与相应的优化导引律结合,可以很好地满足中制导的要求.     

基于结构随机跳变系统的制导误差预测

针对空中目标作大机动时导弹制导误差难以预测的缺点,将导弹和目标视为一个结构随机跳变系统,并将目标作大机动当作系统的外部扰动输入,建立了该系统的数学模型,应用结构随机跳变系统理论对脱靶量的数学期望和方差进行了计算。通过仿真表明,该方法可对大机动目标进行制导误差预测,还可为变系数导引律的设计提供依据。     

基于反馈线性化及滑模控制的俯冲机动制导方法

以高超声速飞行器为研究对象,针对俯冲段精确制导及机动突防问题,基于反馈线性化与滑模控制研究了机动突防滑模跟踪制导方法。首先设计纵向俯冲及侧向机动弹道,其次利用反馈线性化将非线性运动方程转化为线性方程,基于该线性方程利用滑模控制对已设计的弹道进行跟踪,最终将线性跟踪制导律转换到非线性系统中获得非线性滑模跟踪制导律,该制导律完全基于飞行器当前运动状态,所需的相对运动信息大大减少。CAV-H飞行器制导实例仿真表明,该方法能够实现俯冲段精确制导及机动飞行,且对初始及过程偏差具有较强的鲁棒性,能够为高超声速飞行器俯冲段制导提供有益参考。     

反解法在再入机动弹道设计中的应用研究

简要分析了一般的再入机动弹道设计方法,即正解法.针对正解法对模型依赖性强和对初值非常敏感的问题,提出了一种基于误差补偿的机动弹道设计方法——反解法.该方法从弹道终端出发反解弹道,将计算结果误差转化为机动点参数误差,再通过关机点或中制导的调整进行误差补偿,从而有利于命中精度和打击效果的实现.仿真结果表明,该方法计算简便,对工程应用有一定的参考价值.     

基于双模预测的大气层内拦截弹中制导律研究

大气层内目标拦截弹的中制导过程除了要满足中末制导交班要求,还要满足多种控制和轨迹约束。针对该问题,首先建立基于虚拟目标的次最优常系数中制导律,再结合双模预测控制思想,提出一种新的双模预测中制导律,并通过模型变换和牛顿-辛普森算法的采用,简化在线计算量。所设计的预测导引律不仅能够显式处理状态和输入约束,还能在常系数次优化导引律的基础上进一步优化性能指标。仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

基于复合制导的简易航弹制导控制系统设计

针对简易航弹原有方案弹道导引方法的不足,提出一种新的复合制导总体方案,设计了基于虚拟导引的制导控制系统。首先比较了复合制导控制与原有方案弹道方法,随后设计了基于扩张状态观测器的鲁棒制导律,并进一步利用参数空间法设计俯仰回路的飞行控制律,最后进行了制导控制系统六自由度数字仿真。理论分析与仿真研究表明了设计的合理性及复合制导的优越性。     

拦截高速机动目标分段最优制导律研究北大核心

能量管理是在远距离拦截高速、频繁机动的目标时必须要考虑的问题,因为此时不仅拦截弧段长、拦截飞行时间也更久,拦截制导律设计不能不计能量代价地跟随目标机动。通过将非线性弹目运动关系降阶,在运用最优控制理论的基础上,引入分段线性阻尼项,提出了一种针对高速、机动目标的最优制导律,可以满足终端碰撞角约束及能量管理需求。该方法得到的制导律可令导弹在拦截高速机动目标时,对目标机动的敏感度随弹目距离而变化,并分析了不同的分段线性阻尼对拦截弹道的影响。通过二维非线性仿真验证了制导律的性能。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.