基于Vague集的多人决策地面防空火力配系评估方法

针对已有评估方法存在的不足,提出一种基于Vague集的多人决策地面防空火力配系评估新方法。对地面防空火力配系评价指标进行了分析,给出了偏离理想决策最大的Vague集剔除方法,使多位决策者意见不一致的问题得到了有效解决,构建了地面防空火力配系评估数学模型,给出了防空火力配系评估方法。通过实例分析验证,该方法评估结果客观准确。     

基于Vague集投影及距离的地面防空火力配系评估

针对已有评估方法存在的不足,提出一种基于Vague集投影及距离的地面防空火力配系评估新方法。分析了影响防空火力配系的指标因素,并给出各评价指标的Vague值表示方法。在此基础上,应用Vague集投影及距离的多属性模糊决策理论,建立了地面防空火力配系评估数学模型,给出了评价其优劣的排序方法。最后通过实例分析验证,该方法评估结果准确,对指挥员科学决策具有一定的参考价值。     

地面防空火力配系方案评估模型

地面防空火力配系方案的选择,是防空兵火力配系的关键环节,其合理与否,直接关系到作战效能的发挥和防空作战的成败。根据防空作战的实际,提出了地面防空火力配系方案评估的准则,在对评估准则的建模要素进行分析的基础上,构建了每个准则的计算模型,并给出了评估模型的计算方法,提供了模型应用的一般程序。     

论防空火力配系的评价问题

本文提出了对弹炮结合防空火力配系的定量化评价的思路,并探讨了火力配系指标的应用方法。     

防空兵群火力配系问题研究

从陆军防空作战的实际需求出发,描述了火力配系的概念、特点和要求,提出了建立火力配系时应重点解决火力协同和战斗队形优化等问题的观点,在火力作用区域、综合火力效能、突出掩护重点和火力重叠次数等方面建立了评估火力配系效果的数学模型,阐述了建立与加强火力配系、确定合理火力分配方案的基本方法和工作内容.     

不确定熵证据合成法在防空兵火力配系评估中的应用

防空火力配系是根据任务、敌情、地形和火器的性能,对参战的各种火器作适当的配置和分工所构成的火力系统,防空火力配系是典型的多属性决策问题,而多属性决策问题中存在着属性评价的不确定性问题,而证据理论是典型的多属性融合理论,它的天生缺陷就是不相容证据合成带来的问题,为此引入基于不确定熵证据合成的多属性决策理论,能够很好地克服上述不足,用来对防空火力配系进行优化,可以解决多目标决策中的信息不完全性,效果良好.     

防空导弹武器系统混合编组及计算

防空导弹武器系统混编比的确定是现代防空作战兵力运用的关键问题之一。首次从防空火力配系的角度,提出了防空导弹武器系统混合编组的三种形式,即补充空域混编、加强火力混编和自卫掩护混编。采用定性与定量相结合的方法,进一步给出补充空域混编、加强火力混编比和混编火力单元前后配置间隔的计算模型,确定了混编比。该模型的建立,为防空兵力兵器部署定量分析提供了理论依据,对防空部署理论的发展具有积极作用。     

地面防空作战部署评估仿真系统设计与实现

地面防空作战部署方案评估是防空作战中非常关键的一环,优良的地面防空作战部署方案是达到合理使用兵力、充分发扬火力、有效抗击空中之敌的重要前提。分析了地面防空作战部署方案评价指标体系,设计了仿真系统功能结构,探讨了仿真系统关键技术,实现了地面防空作战部署方案评估仿真系统,为指战员提供作战辅助决策。     

防空火力配系在敌机投弹线前的射击次数分析

防空兵对空作战的本质是在敌机投弹线或制导武器发射阵位线前击毁来袭敌机,这就要求防空火力在敌机投弹线或制导武器发射阵位线前有相当的射击次数以保证足够大的击毁概率。建立了防空火力配系对空袭兵器射击次数的模型,并分析提出了增加防空火力配系对空袭兵器射击次数的方法途径。     

BP神经网络在坦克分队火力配系中的应用

坦克分队火力配系是坦克分队防御战斗中指挥员实施战场指挥的重要内容,选取火力配系方案的优劣直接影响着防御作战的胜负.首先介绍了BP神经网络的原理及使用方法,在系统分析制约坦克分队火力配系影响因素基础上,构建了火力配系方案评估的指标体系,接着详细设计了用于评估火力配系方案的BP神经网络模型,并利用MATLAB仿真软件对结果进行了计算和分析.结果表明BP神经网络具有很强的解决复杂非线性关系问题的特点,适用于对坦克分队火力配系方案优劣分析和评价.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.