捷联惯性系统中 IMU 安装误差及陀螺漂移的估计

为减小IMU 安装误差及陀螺漂移对捷联惯性系统导航参数精度的影响,采用速度/姿态角组合匹配传递对准模型的误差方程和IMU的安装误差角方程结合的方法组成新的滤波器模型,并引入改进的BP神经网络算法,实现了IMU安装误差及陀螺漂移的快速有效估计.为对捷联惯性导系统的各项导航参数进行修正和补偿、提高导航精度提供了依据.     

捷联惯导大失准角误差模型在快速传递对准中的应用

针对快速传递对准中主子惯导相对姿态存在大角度的情况,推导了捷联惯导大失准角误差模型.该模型采用欧拉角表示姿态误差,并用欧拉运动方程准确描述其传播规律.鉴于该模型中的姿态观测方程是复杂的非线性函数,采用无需求导的UKF算法,并采用奇异值分解(SVD)解决方差阵的病态问题.仿真结果表明,该算法在小角度误差条件下滤波精度优于线性模型,并且适用于大角度误差条件.     

综合体制设计--地空导弹武器系统设计新途径

采用相对体制雷达测量系的地空导弹武器系统的引导精度,已经过多年研究和努力,它是起伏误差和动态误差的综合产物.采用目标信号分离与滤波可进一步提高制导精度.首先可大大减小目标的起伏误差(约减小1/2).在大大减小目标起伏误差的新条件下,重新综合起伏误差和动态误差,可大大提高引导精度.     

采用状态转移矩阵的拦截中段制导方法

基于相对运动理论提出拦截中段制导方法。方法原理为,将拦截器初始轨迹与施加修正后的轨迹视为一主一从两空间目标,以相对运动理论描述从目标相对于主目标的运动规律,于是初始的修正量可由终点处相对状态求解。给出了一般形式的相对运动模型,运用几何法与变分法推导得到了J2摄动影响下相对运动的状态转移矩阵,在此基础上,提出了采用状态转移矩阵的拦截中段制导方法。仿真算例表明,提出的方法能够为工程实际中的拦截中段制导提供有效支持。     

大椭圆轨道航天器编队飞行相对运动分析

大椭圆轨道航天器在较长轨道周期内运行于远地点上空,因而该轨道多应用于卫星通信、天体观测、空间磁场探测等。上述空间任务所需的多航天器协同运动理论亟待解决。利用运动学方法推导了大椭圆轨道编队的相对运动模型,简要证明了实现长期近距离编队的必要条件,分析了相对轨道根数对线性化模型精度及其动力学特性的影响。仿真结果表明,相对运动模型在轨道远地点处精度较高,适当选择相对轨道根数可设计出满足任务要求的编队轨道。     

基于相对轨道根数的几种大椭圆轨道编队构形

大椭圆轨道航天器在较长轨道周期内运行于远地点上空,可以实现高纬度地区长时间的通信和预警,具有重要的军事应用价值.大椭圆轨道编队飞行可实现空间磁场探测、信息干扰等特殊空间任务.有必要研究大椭圆轨道的多航天器协同运动理论.完善了以相对轨道根数为变量的大椭圆编队相对运动模型,分析了模型的误差.推导并证明了几种特殊的伴随星相对运动轨迹:直线、圆、椭圆,给出了两颗以及三颗卫星形成特殊编队构形的条件.仿真结果表明,在二体条件下,对近距离大椭圆轨道航天器的相对运动,编队具有较高的精度.论文研究结论可为大椭圆轨道航天器编队构形初步设计提供理论指导.     

结构方程模型参数估计的GME方法

提出应用广义最大熵的方法对结构方程模型的参数进行估计,该方法能够处理有限的或者不完全数据。为了验证广义最大熵方法在估计结构方程模型参数时的性能,采用了一个应用于美国顾客满意指数(ACSI)的结构方程模型生成仿真数据,仿真结果表明,与PLS相比,GME方法具有更高的拟合精度和较低的预测误差,在样本数据较少时,表现更为明显。     

基于直接算法的合成孔径雷达干涉测量几何精度分析

直接将绝对相位差引入距离方程和多普勒方程答解地面点坐标,称为合成孔径雷达干涉测量直接算法。利用引入含有合理误差的模拟InSAR像坐标、绝对相位差和相应的轨道参数作为起算数据,求得含有误差的地面点坐标,实现了InSAR直接算法的几何精度分析。为了把基线长度和姿态的误差引入轨道空间位置,提出了相应的数学模型。计算结果表明,直接算法与经典算法精度基本相同。     

水下导弹导引法与弹道仿真

假设目标作直线运动时,以未来方位导引法和自动变提前角导引法两种不同的导引方法为例,建立了水下导弹的线导和自导相对运动方程、导引弹道数学模型并进行了仿真,获得了水下导弹、目标和制导站的相对运动轨迹及水下导弹与目标相对距离随时间变化的曲线和攻击效果。对水下导弹攻击目标距离的预测具有较高的参考价值。     

论调整精度和跟踪误差对激光测距的影响

本文主要内容包括:(1)建立测距方程;(2)讨论跟踪精度和仪器调整误差对激光回波率的影响;(3)针对跟踪运动目标,提出最佳激光发射角的概念;(4)激光测距机对大目标的最大作用距离R_M与对小目标的最大作用距离R_m之间的关系。一、测距方程假定在与激光测距机相距R,且与激光束垂直的平面π上,激光的能量分布近     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.