聚钛碳硅烷的新合成法及其研究

从聚硅烷(PS)与钛酸丁酯。(Ti(OBu)_4)出发,不采用任何反应促进剂直接合成了含钛碳化硅纤维的先驱体聚钛碳硅烷(PTC)。在这一反应中,PS 首先裂解成含Si—C 骨架与Si—H 键的低分子聚硅烷(LPS)。然后,由LPS 中的Si—H 键与Ti(OBu)_4的反应以及LPS 的Si—Si 骨架裂解转化为Si—C 骨架的反应制得了PTC.本文对这种新合成法所涉及的反应过程进行了研究,并比较了新旧两法得到的PTC—1与PTC—Ⅱ的结构异同,报告了以新法制得的PTC—Ⅱ为先驱体得到的含钛碳化硅纤维的优良性能。     

高含钛量碳化硅纤维的研制

本文采用一种聚钛硅氧烷与聚碳硅烷反应,制得了Ti/Si摩尔比为0.10的聚钛碳硅烷。该聚合物具有良好的成丝性与稳定性,经熔融纺丝,再经不熔化处理后,在氮气气氛保护下1300℃热处理后制得了高含钛量的碳化硅纤维。文中对聚钛硅氧烷的合成与结构,它与聚碳硅烷的反应过程及聚钛碳硅烷的热分解特性进行了分析与研究。     

沉淀分级法调制纺丝级高熔点聚碳硅烷

作为碳化硅纤维先驱体的聚碳硅烷应当具有较高的熔点与良好的可纺性 ,但是提高熔点对合成条件提出了苛刻要求。为了解决这一矛盾 ,首先通过沉淀分级获得了高熔点 (>2 80℃ )的聚碳硅烷组分 ,然后再加入 10 - 30wt%低熔点组分来调节其纺丝性能 ,成功地调制出了高熔点 (>2 5 0℃ )、具有良好纺丝性的聚碳硅烷先驱体     

PDMS/PVC制备低电阻率碳化硅纤维先驱体聚碳硅烷

由聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)与3%～7%wt聚氯乙烯(PVC)共热解反应生成的聚碳硅烷(PC P),是制备力学性能优良的低电阻率碳化硅纤维的先驱体。研究了PC P先驱体的合成条件,利用GPC、IR、XPS、元素分析等手段对PC P先驱体的组成与结构进行了分析,并初步探讨了PDMS与PVC反应机理。     

准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料的制备

采用热重-差热(TG-DTA)、红外(IR)等分析测试手段,研究了聚碳硅烷(PCS)的裂解及化学转化过程,从理论上验证了先驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)600℃裂解产物的准陶瓷特性.先驱体聚碳硅烷在600℃呈现一种半有机、半无机状态,其产物具有准陶瓷的特征,在大约750℃出现无机化转变高峰,固称其为准陶瓷.以碳布、准三维编织体、三维编织体为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺在600℃制备了碳纤维增强碳化硅(Cf/SiC)准陶瓷基复合材料.结果表明,以三维编织体增强的准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料获得了较理想的结构、性能,所制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料密度仅有1.27g/cm3,弯曲强度达到193.69MPa,室温拉伸强度为197.69MPa,600℃拉伸强度为167.33MPa.复合材料断口形貌分析表明,在低温600℃制备的准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.     

聚碳硅烷——沥青共混体流变性与纺丝研究

聚碳硅烷和沥青分别是转化ＳｉＣ纤维和碳纤维的先驱体,两者共混或共聚就可以得到一种新功能纤维──ＳｉＣ－Ｃ纤维的先驱体。该先驱体的可纺丝性直接与聚碳硅烷和沥青的性质相关,只有两组份的可纺丝温度区间交叉才可能得到可纺性好的聚碳硅烷──沥青共混先驱体。该研究结果对于制备ＳｉＣ－Ｃ纤维时选择组份材料和共混工艺有指导意义。     

碳化硅纤维及其先驱体聚碳硅烷实验室成果通过鉴定

一九八五年十月二十五日至二十七日,由国防科工委司令部批准的“碳化硅纤维及其先驱体聚碳硅烷实验室成果鉴定会”在长沙召开。中山大学材料科学研究所所长曾汉民教授为鉴定委员会主任委员、航天工业部第一研究院科技委员会副主任于翘高级工程师为副主任委员。鉴定委员会一致认为: 碳化硅纤维     

连续碳化硅纤维的研制

本文研究了用先驱体法制备连续碳化硅(SiC)纤维的全过程。通过常压高温裂解法制得纺丝性能好的聚碳硅烷,经100孔熔融纺丝、不熔化处理和高温烧成等一系列工艺处理,制得了高性能的SiC纤维。该纤维单丝直径8～15微米,连续长度达100米,抗拉强度为2～2.3GPa,抗拉模量178GPa。主要性能达到日本同类产品八十年代的水平。本文还对制备工艺的一些基本规律及连续纤维的主要性能进行了研究。     

聚碳硅烷表面张力的测定及其对纤维异形度的影响机理

采用改进的滴重法测定了先驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)的表面张力,并探讨了表面张力对三叶形聚碳硅烷原丝异形度的影响机理。通过对纤维截面形貌的扫描电镜分析,发现表面张力对三叶形PCS纤维异形截面的形成有着较大的影响,它和粘滞阻力相互竞争的共同作用决定了三叶形PCS纤维异形度的大小。研究表明,先驱体PCS的表面张力与温度基本上呈线性关系,温度越高,PCS的表面张力就越小。     

Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料防氧化涂层制备工艺研究

本文主要探索了以有机硅先驱体聚碳硅烷为粘结剂、采用热压烧结的方法制备Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料及碳化硅防氧化涂层的一体化工艺,探讨了聚碳硅烷含量、热压温度和压力对涂层防氧化效果的影响,并对涂层前后的Cf/SiC复合材料的防氧化性能进行了比较。结果表明:采用该工艺制备的SiC涂层Cf/SiC复合材料的防氧化性能显著提高。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.