基于全寿命周期的舰船喷水推进装置综合保障技术研究

针对舰船喷水推进装置的保障需求,介绍了喷水推进装置的基本组成、技术特点,引入环境特征,使用特征因素,研究喷水推进装置从交装到服役期满的全寿命服役周期的综合保障技术,提出针对喷水推进装置在不同状态、不同时期的保障策略,建立喷水推进装置保障能力体系。     

互动地带

黑龙江读者刘权新问:采用喷水推进装置的潜艇如何倒车? 这是一个非常专业的问题。国外核潜艇目前在使用的喷水推进装置,它的名称不称为喷水推进装置,而称为泵喷装置。核潜艇的泵喷装置,与水面舰艇使用的喷水推进装置有所不同,前者的英文术语为pumpjet propulsor,后者称为waterjet,译为喷水推进装置。水面舰艇的喷水推进装置可以说是真正意义上的喷水推进装置,它使用水泵,将通过进水口进入舰体内的水升压,然后以强大的加压推力,从舰的尾部喷出,产     

喷水推进装置及其在舰艇上的应用

船舶喷水推进装置具有推进效率高、噪音小、操作性能好以及适合浅水航行等特点,其军事价值将越来越受到世界各国海军的重视.分析了喷水推进装置的优、缺点,简要介绍了其基本原理和结构,并总结了其在潜艇和水面舰艇上的应用,对其今后的应用与发展趋势作了简要分析.     

建筑设计消防审核常见技术问题探析

针对建筑设计消防审核工作中容易出现的技术问题,从消防车道与建筑中人行通道的设置、自动喷水灭火系统末端试水装置与试水阀的设置、特殊场所快速响应喷头的选用、标准喷头的设置、自动喷水灭火系统集热板的应用、室内消火栓系统阀门的设置以及防火卷帘两侧火灾探测器组与警报装置的设置等方面解读了相关消防技术规范的规定,系统分析了建筑设计消防审核中的常见错误与问题,提出了有关技术规范规定的合理解释和使用建议。     

外军两栖车辆水上推进装置的分类及评价

给出了当今外军典型两栖车辆的主要性能指标,对水上推进装置进行了分类,定性分析了各种水上推进装置的工作原理及主要影响因素,给出了FT-C牵引车模型的试验结果.通过对水上推进装置产生的推力和两栖车辆水上行驶的阻力分析,得出了有价值的结论.最后根据实际需求对履带划水式、喷水式、螺旋桨式3种水上推进装置进行了综合评估,其结论对新型两栖车辆的论证、研究具有借鉴作用.     

喷水推进器功率特性与航速相关性研究

通过对某船喷水推进系统的分析,研究了喷水推进器的功率特性(功率与转速的关系)与航速的关系.先由喷水推进动力学方程引出喷水推进器功率特性在喷水推进系统稳态特性和动态性能研究中的作用,然后分析了KaMeWa71SⅡ喷水推进器的转速特性,将转速特性变换成力矩特性后,分析了该力矩特性,并将其与螺旋桨相应特性作了对比.根据转速特性获得的3个不同航速下的喷水推进器功率与转速的关系曲线,分析了航速对功率特性的影响,同时也将其与螺旋桨的相应特性曲线作了对比.研究所得出的结论是:喷水推进器的功率特性不是唯一的,装船之后它的功率特性受航速影响,但这个影响不像螺旋桨那么显著.据此推得,喷水推进系统在“船—泵—机”的匹配设计以及实际使用中,主机一般不会超负荷.     

基于动量流量法对喷水推进系统推力的CFD计算

采用结构化网格与非结构化网格相结合的方式划分了喷水推进系统的流场区域,采用稳态多参考系方法进行了数值计算。在此基础上,定义并求解一用户自定义标量函数标记整个流场,并根据标记结果将被喷水推进器吸入的流体与其它流体区分开。在后处理过程采用标量函数的等值面来确定喷水推进系统控制体上的流管分界面和进流面。利用数值计算所得的速度场对喷水推进系统喷口和进流面上的动量流量变化率进行计算,间接地得到喷水推进系统的推力。计算结果表明,采用CFD手段计算和分析喷水推进系统包括推力在内的各项性能指标是可行的。     

局部自动喷水灭火系统的现状及发展方向

局部自动喷水灭火系统的出现,是总结了十几年来自动喷水灭火系统技术发展和工程设计积累的宝贵经验的成果,也切合了当前经济和社会协调发展的需求.针对局部自动喷水灭火系统在应用过程中出现的问题,指明该系统的改进对策和发展方向.     

人造“鳗鱼”呼之欲出

21世纪船舶需要低污染、低噪声、低能耗、高效率的推进装置，仿生扭摆推进装置就是与蹼动推进装置齐名的另一类颇具发展前途的船舶推进系统。当前，有关仿生扭摆推进技术不仅正成为专家、学者研究的主课题，而且还成为有眼光的企业家投资船舶产业开发的新亮点。     

新型移动式野战加油站建设与运用

针对部队加油站建设标准不一、形式多样、改造周期长、费用高、效率低、耐候性差的问题，本文在明确新型移动式野战加油站的建设意义和建设目标的基础上，对移动式野战加油站的整体可移动性、储油罐与加油装置集成以及边海防等一线连队的油料保障模式和建设标准进行了研究，从工艺流程、建设选址和建设标准等方面提出了基于集装箱方舱框架设计新型移动式野战加油站的保障运用模式。这种模式不仅可填补大容量战储装备空白，还可以为热点方向实施定点保障，为加快推进部队储加油设施建设向集约化转型、保障向战场延伸提供借鉴。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.