一种水下高速小目标回波频率估计方法

针对拦截水下高速小目标时近场区体目标效应对多普勒频率估计的影响,本文设计了一种选择区间加权频率估计方法,该算法将近场区时高速小目标看成体目标进行处理,通过对频率估计分量进行选择性幅度加权平均,降低了频率估计误差,减少了由于目标姿态变化对频率估计稳定性产生的不良影响。经仿真研究,与直接进行频率估计相比较,该方法能够较好的抑制体目标效应对多普勒频率估计造成的影响。在最不利情况下,频率估计误差数值低于300Hz,较好地满足了声引信利用多普勒频率进行后续参数估计的要求。     

基于球状模型的短波频率泛克里金重构算法

针对现有短波频率优选方法中数据处理过程复杂、输入参数条件苛刻、工程实现难度较大等不足,结合电离层变化特性,提出了一种基于球状模型的泛克里金法,应用于短波频率的重构。利用短波频率管理系统中大量的实测频率数据,构建了符合频率数据变化特征的基于球状模型的变异函数,建立了反映沿经度、纬度及水平方向通信频率变化剧烈程度的漂移表达式。随机选取多个样本数据,通过交叉重构法对短波频率数据进行重构。实验结果表明,基于球状模型的泛克里金法具有较高的频率重构精度,能够应用于短波通信频率的重构,特别是满足军事通信方面对短波频率优选手段的需求。     

频率捷变雷达信号相参特征的表述

频率捷变雷达信号分选是电子对抗领域信号处理与应用的难题,探索新的分选特征参数是实现对频率捷变雷达信号高效准确分选的手段之一。提出了一种基于Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)的频率捷变雷达信号相参特征的表述。介绍了典型频率捷变方式、频率捷变信号模型及WVD的离散过程,推导了频率捷变脉冲重构信号的WVD模型并进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,频率捷变雷达信号的WVD二维图可作为一种相参特征的表述,且该表述可为频率捷变雷达信号分选提供新思路。     

锁相环频率合成器快速锁定方法的研究

跳频通信技术在抗干扰和保密性方面具有的优越性使其在军事通信方面的应用越来越受到重视,跳频通信系统中频率合成器的频率切换速度成为人们关注的热点。文章对三种锁相环(PLL)频率合成器快速锁定的方法进行了较深入的研究,其中分别举例仿真了压控振荡器(VCO)电压预置PLL频率合成器和分数分频PLL(FNPLL)频率合成器的锁定时间,实现了一个S波段DDS分频的PLL频率合成器。通过仿真和测量,给出了相关方法对PLL频率合成器频率切换速度性能改善的程度,并得出了一些有益的结论,对跳频频率合成器的工程研制具有一定的指导意义。     

基于调制FFT有限域搜索的MUSIC频率估计算法

为满足跳频频率测量中频率估计高精度及实时性的要求,提出了一种将调制FFT和MUSIC算法相结合的频率算法:首先利用调制FFT对谐波频率进行预估计,确定感兴趣的频域区间;然后利用MUSIC算法在锁定区间内估计伪谱谱峰的位置,实现频率的精确估计。该算法可得到较高的频率分辨率,并减少了MUSIC算法的谱峰搜索范围。仿真试验表明:该算法的频率分辨率高,且实时性能满足频率测量需求。     

船舶单自由度摇荡运动对遭遇频率散射的响应

针对船舶单自由度二阶摇荡运动动力学系统,就船舶速度变化引起遭遇频率改变问题建立了遭遇频率散射模式;采用傅立叶变换波浪力(矩)的波形,得到了遭遇频率散射后的功率谱,从理论上进一步阐明了船舶遭遇频率散射理论概念;采用数值模拟计算方法,计算了单自由度二阶摇荡运动,进一步验证了遭遇频率散射后出现不规则摇荡运动的现象,计算得到了遭遇频率散射强度与摇荡运动方差的关系.     

电火工品发火信号波形采样研究

针对采样频率选取不当使采集的电火工品发火信号波形失真问题,研究了在实际采样过程中采样频率的取值方法。首先根据发火信号的特征,设计了采样方案;然后利用虚拟仪器软件对发火信号进行频谱分析,确定合适的采样频率和采样点数,进而采集完整的信号波形;最后结合试验数据对采样频率的选取进行了分析,得出了在实际采样过程中采样频率的取值规律。     

大功率气体开关重复频率的理论分析

分析了影响气体开关重复频率的各因素,从理论上推导了开关耗能的恢复时间以及气体的冷却时间对重复频率的影响。提出了提高重复频率的方法。     

基于排队论的航空通信频率干扰修复问题研究

航空通信频率极易受到战场复杂电磁环境的影响。针对航空通信频率干扰普遍情形,提出了一种基于排队论的航空通信频率干扰修复资源调度方法。首先,分析了航空通信频率干扰问题,并从航空通信网络角度对频率干扰等级进行界定;然后,分析了实时、非实时频率资源调度模型,并以此为基础构建了混合频率资源调度模型,对其运算流程进行详细阐明;最后,对2种不同算例条件下混合频率资源调度模型的系统运行指标进行计算分析。结果表明:混合频率资源调度模型能够较好适应具有等级差异通信链路干扰修复情况,且不同频率资源调度子系统的数量配比对于混合频率资源调度模型的系统运行指标存在差异性影响。     

军用电力系统频率测试研究

军用电力系统是火力与指挥控制系统最重要的能源,其供电质量直接影响火力与指挥控制系统的作战效能。频率是军用电力系统最重要的供电质量指标之一。频率测量也是军用电力系统运行控制中的重要技术。在军用电力系统中,频率测试不仅要考核稳态过程,而且还要考核瞬态过程。详细描述了军用电力系统的频率偏差,频率测试特点及测试平台设计,讨论分析了实际测试结果。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.