2005年:日本军事技术研究的走向(下)

日本于2004年12月10日通过了今后十年的《防卫计划大纲》和下一个五年的《中期防卫力量发展计划》。2005年是执行《大纲》和《计划》的第一年,日本增加了在军事技术开发与研究方面的预算,一些项目进入关键阶段、一些项目开始立项。分析日本防卫厅技术研究本部公布的2005年军事技术研究与开发项目,可以比较全面地了解日本今后一段时间军事技术发展的走向。     

2005年: 日本军事技术研究的走向(上)

日本于2004年12月10日通过了今后十年的《防卫计划大纲》和下一个五年的《中期防卫力量发展计划》。2005年是执行《大纲》和《计划》的第一年,日本增加了在军事技术开发与研究方面的预算,一些项目进入关键阶段、一些项目开始立项。分析日本防卫厅技术研究本部公布的2005年军事技术研究与开发项目,可以比较全面地了解日本今后一段时间军事技术发展的走向。     

试论搭载型后勤动员项目的选择与建设

在经济建设中搭载军事后勤项目或预留军事后勤用途的接口,是提高后勤动员能力的重要途径,也是军队后勤保障走军民融合式发展道路的重要措施。文章兼顾军事与经济效益,构建了搭载型后勤动员项目选择的经济学模型,并探讨了项目建设的措施和方法。     

美军技术研究与试验建模体系结构(MATREX)

技术研究与试验建模体系结构(以下简称MATREX)项目是美国陆军最重要的分布式建模与仿真环境,提供了统一的建模仿真架构、辅助工具以及基础设施,使得具有各种分辨率的真实、虚拟和构造的军事应用之间的集成和使用非常方便。首先概括介绍了MATREX项目的一些背景情况和基本原理;接着深入剖析了该项目的核心体系结构、各种构件工具、集成设施服务和系统参考模型。最后简要地介绍了使用MATREX环境二次开发的两个军事应用,分别用在未来战斗系统主系统集成商的系统集成实验室和跨司令部协作项目。     

项目管理方法在军事采办进度和成本控制中的应用

文章论述了军事采办项目应用项目管理方法实施进度和成本控制的意义,探讨了网络计划技术、挣值法在军事采办进度和成本控制中的应用方法,并对军事采办领域如何推进项目管理方法的研究和应用提出了建议。     

我国和美国依托普通高校培育军事人才对比研究

依托普通高校培养军事人才是美、英、法、俄等世界军事强国的共同选择,这既是各国军队建设的客观需求,也是高等教育发展的内在要求。美国军民合育军事人才的培养项目堪称世界军民融合高等教育的典范品牌。我国自20世纪90年代以来,为了应对新军事变革,对军民合育军事人才也进行了一系列的尝试,本文主要介绍了美国和我国军民合育军事人才发展进程,为我国进一步迎接新军事变革挑战提供事实参考。     

关于军事运筹学学科发展问题的探讨

从研究军事运筹学学科当前存在的问题出发,论述了军事运筹学的学科内涵和核心内容。在分析军事运筹学理论研究和实际应用成果的基础上,提出了军事运筹学学科应包含军事运筹学理论和军事运筹学实验两个体系,并对学科发展提出了一些建议和意见。     

世界军事发展趋势及对我之影响

机械化军事形态正在向信息化军事形态转变,是当前及今后一个时期世界军事发展的总趋势。在军事技术方面,正由军事工程革命走向军事信息革命;在武器装备方面,正由机械化装备向信息化装备过渡;在战争形态方面,正由机械化战争向信息化战争转变。为了顺应新军事革命潮流,推动本国的军事发展,世界主要国家已经或准备采取一些重大举措。世界新的军事革命,既为我军提供了历史性机遇,也提出了空前严峻的挑战。我们必须根据本国国情、军情,放眼世界,着眼发展,确定国防和军队建设的总目标,把现实军事需求与长远发展目标有机地结合起来,走机械化、信息化建设并举的复合式发展道路。     

高技术条件下的局部战争与军事经济保障

高技术条件下,军事经济需求发生了根本性交化,牵动着军事经济向保障高技术战争轨道位移。我国军事需求有着自身的特点:一方面高技术军事需求十分突出,另一方面核军事需求、一般技术的军事需求仍然存在。因此,在军事经济资源配置方面,既要突出高技术这一点,又要兼顾核军事需求与一些不可少的一般技术兵器的发展。高技术条件下发展我国军事经济,一应确立与高技术发展相适应的战略决策机制。二应确立灵活、开放的运行机制。三应走内涵扩大的发展道路。     

大力加强经济动员中心建设

世界新军事变革的发展,使现代战争的物质基础、技术特征、战争形态和作战方式等都发生了深刻变化,对国防动员的快速高效和持续保障提出了更高要求。作为国防动员新生事物的国民经济动员中心建设,必须立足“市场”,着眼“战场”,适应现代战争需求,把服务和保障“打赢”作为建设的出发点和落脚点。一、精心筛选承办单位和项目1.紧紧围绕作战需求,优先选择国防建设和军事急需的对象。近几年来,国家先后在一些军事工业企业、民用工业企业、科研院所、高等院校和医疗单位等重点方向、重点行业、有代表性的企事业中成立了国民经济动员中心,全国各…     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.