离子液体润滑剂的金属腐蚀性与抑制

对1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及1-乙酸乙酯基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐两种离子液体润滑剂的金属腐蚀性作了初步研究,发现两种离子液体均对多种金属表面有较强的腐蚀作用,其中含酯基功能化离子液体的腐蚀性相对较小,这是由于其具有较弱的吸湿性和较强的表面吸附能力;另外发现,具有杂环结构的传统防锈剂苯并三氮唑（BTA）能很好地溶解在两种咪唑类离子液体中,并能显著降低两种离子液体对铜的表面腐蚀,说明有望通过利用传统防锈剂抑制离子液体润滑剂对金属的腐蚀作用。     

N，N—不对称二烷基取代乙醇胺的合成研究

通过对氨基N原子上不同取代基的N，N—二烷基取代乙醇胺合成方法的研究，以及两种合成方法的比较发现，路线B更适合实验室合成此类化合物。经过一系列的条件优化，合成了从C1～C3的五个不同取代基的N，N—不对称二烷基乙醇胺。     

新型手性离子液体的合成

将天然手性池化合物D（＋）-樟脑引入离子液体中,设计合成了新型手性功能化咪唑型离子液体,并采用微波辅助反应,极大的提高了反应效率。     

离子液体[SO3H-Bmim][HSO4]催化餐饮废油制备生物柴油

实验合成了一种磺酸基功能化离子液体,并用于催化高酸值餐饮废油制备生物柴油。当醇油物质的量之比为8∶1,离子液体用量为废油质量的0.8%,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为180min,生物柴油的产率可达到90.6%。该离子液体可以在比较温和的条件下将餐饮废油的酸值从13.22mgKOH/g降低到1mgKOH/g以下,然后利用NaOH催化生产生物柴油,会达到更高的产率,更为经济可行。     

1, 4-二氯甲基-2, 5-二甲基苯与1, 4-二氯甲基-2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基苯的共聚研究

用1,4-二氯甲基-2,5-二甲基苯和1,4-二氯甲基-2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基苯共聚合成了一种可溶的聚对苯乙炔的衍生物,对共聚物结构进行了红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱表征     

6β—羟基—8—甲基—8—氮杂双环［3，2，1］辛烷—3—酮的合成

6β-羟基-8-甲基-8-氮杂双环［3,2,1］辛烷-3-酮是合成托品生物碱及其类似物的重要中间体,它是通过羟基丁二醛,甲胺盐酸盐,3-酮基戊二酸在水溶液中的Robinson-Schopf缩合反应制备的。对文献报道关于它的不同合成路线进行了综述,通过实验对它的提取方式进行了改进,缩短了提取时间,提高了收率,并对合成中影响收率的因素进行了讨论。     

5－乙酰基－2－氨基二苯甲酮的合成

用对硝基苯乙酮、乙二醇、苯乙腈、氢气、高氯酸为原料,经酮基保护,环化,催化加氢和消除反应,合成出较高产率的5-乙酰基-2-氨基二苯甲酮。对反应机理作了初步探讨,并用元素分析、IR和1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。     

S-四嗪类高氮含能化合物的合成及性能

以3,6-对(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-S-四嗪(BT)为起始物,研究了S-四嗪类高氮含能化合物3-氨基-6-(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-S-四嗪(ADMPT)、3-肼基-6-(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-S-四嗪(HDMPT)、3,6-二氨基-S-四嗪(DATz)、3,6-二肼基-S-四嗪(DHTz)与3,3’-偶氮-(6-氨基-S-四嗪)(DAAT)的合成,经IR、元素分析、1HNMR、13CNMR等对其结构进行了表征和确认。对DHTz和DAAT的热分解性能进行了研究,由不同升温速率下的DSC实验获得了其热分解动力学参数。结果表明DAAT热稳定性好、能量高,在10℃/min升温速率下,DAAT在280℃开始分解,放热峰值330℃,放热峰的分解焓为1974.33J/g;DHTz在120℃开始分解,放热峰值159℃,放热峰的分解焓为1843.23J/g。同时,采用高温高压爆轰产物状态方程(VLW EOS)对DHTz和DAAT的爆轰性能进行了理论计算。     

两个含磷、氮化合物的EI-MS分析

采用气相色谱一质谱联用技术对二异丙氨基甲基膦酸乙基酯和N,N-双（2-甲基膦酸乙基酯乙基）甲基胺2个合成样品进行了分析,比较深入地研究了2个化合物的质谱裂解规律,并推断了样品中相关杂质的结构。     

单[6-脱氧（1，10-癸二硫醇）巯基]β-环糊精的合成与应用

以β-环糊精、对甲基苯磺酰氯、1,10-癸二硫醇为原料,合成了具有巯基官能团的超分子气敏膜材料。分别采用质谱,13C—NMR对该化合物表征。结合声表面波（SAW）传感器检测DMMP,证实该化合物对有机磷类化合物具有可逆吸附能力。     

激光推力器液体工质注入系统设计

工质注入系统是液体推进剂激光推力器必不可少的一个组成部分。设计并加工了一套脉冲式液态工质注入系统,解决了工质注入和激光脉冲输出同步的问题;并实现了用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对脉冲式雾化液滴性能参数的测试。     

The mechanism of liquid dispersing from a cylinder driven by central dynamic shock loading

A systematic investigation on the mechanism of dynamic liquid dispersing process via theoretical and experimental approach is presented. The experiments include weak and strong constrained scenarios using the high-speed camera technique and the flash X-ray radiography technique. Based on dynamic analysis, one-dimensional characteristics analysis and some numerical simulations on the propagating processes of blast waves before the container shell rupturing, further and detailed analyses of the experimental results are presented. The effects of the liquid viscosity on the dynamic dispersing flow are also analyzed, and the spall fracture mechanism is explored. Thus, the dominating forces determining the dispersing liquid flow are revealed, that is, the stretching and shearing action due to the interaction of two reflecting rarefaction waves in opposite propagating directions. The influence of container shell strength on the dispersing liquid flow is also investigated, and the characters of cavitation layered in liquid before shell rupturing are uncovered. Results revealed that different shell material results in different cavitating layers. Then the different cavitating layers drive the different dynamic liquid dispersing process coming into being. The metastable liquid states caused by pressure drop and cavi-tation generation are discussed.     

围绕J=1/2,2水平椭圆柱的有限长接触熔化

研究相变材料围绕J =1/2 ,2水平椭圆柱在有限长接触时的温差熔化过程 .应用边界层理论求得熔化边界层厚度 ,作用力与熔化速度关系式 .讨论了有关结果 ,并与长椭圆柱以及有限长圆柱的温差熔化的结果进行了比较 ,给出一些有益的结论     

Influence of a liquid-filled compartment structure on the incoming shaped charge jet stability

Liquid-filled compartment structure consists of a bulk steel plate with matrix blind holes which are filled with liquid and a steel front plate to seal up the liquid with rings and bolts.The liquid-filled compart-ment structure can resist the shaped charge warhead effectively.This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations of the penetration ability of the residual shaped charge jet emerging from the liquid-filled compartment structure after the penetration process at different impact angles.On the basis of shock wave propagation theory,the influence of the liquid-filled compartment structure on jet sta-bility is analysed.The interferences of the liquid backflow caused by a reflected shock wave and a back plate on jet stability under different impact angles are also examined.In addition,the range of the disturbed velocity segments of the jet at different impact angles and the penetration ability of the re-sidual jet are obtained.A theoretical model is validated against the experimental penetration depths.     

低压电场驱动下膜分离 CO2的研究

以离子交换膜为基础,进行预处理和化学改性.研究了不同预处理条件、化学改性方法及低压电场的电压对离子交换膜的CO2分离效率的影响.结果表明,改进处理条件、施加低压电场及在膜中加入亲水物质可明显地增加离子交换膜的二氧化碳通量.     

Natural convection effects on TNT solidification inside a shaped charge mold

High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warheads and ammunitions are frequently produced by explosive casting inside an axis-symmetric mold with an inverted conical geometry in the basis. In order to prevent manufacturing defects, the solidification process must be controlled. In this study, a dimensionless solidification model has been proposed to investigate the heat transfer considering the natural convection inside the liquid explosive and the numerical simulations were performed by using COMSOL Multiphysics and Modeling Software, employing trinitrotoluene (TNT) thermophysical properties. The effect of three different boundary conditions on the top of the mold have been evaluated: convection, adiabatic and isothermal. It has been observed that solidification process was faster for convection case and slower for isothermal case, while an intermediary total solidification time value was found for adiabatic case. Moreover, liquid explosive was completely surrounded by solid explosive during the solidification process for convection case and also for adiabatic case through the end of the process. Otherwise, it was not observed for isothermal case. The natural convection effects promoted a vortex inside the liquid explosive, accelerating the heat transfer process. It has been concluded that isothermal mold top boundary condition should be preferred to prevent manufacturing defects, avoiding high thermal stress.     

聚合物材料与液氧相容性的研究

为研究聚合物材料与液氧的相容性,针对四种结构不同的环氧树脂与氰酸酯的共聚固化物,以液氧冲击敏感性试验作为其与液氧相容性的判定方法,通过热分析测试手段测定各固化物的恒温氧化热增重、热分解失重和闪点等热氧性能,并与其液氧冲击敏感性进行分析对照,证实环氧/氰酸酯类改性树脂与液氧不相容的程度与其常规热氧化反应的难易程度是一致的,提高其抗氧化性可以改善其与液氧的相容性。由此加深了对于聚合物与液氧相容性本质的认识,为进一步研究与液氧相容的聚合物材料指明了方向。作为常规分析手段的热分析,在聚合物与液氧相容性的科学表征中可发挥重要作用。     

Preparation and characterization of HMX/NH2-GO composite with enhanced thermal safety and desensitization

To improve the safety of HMX, HMX/NH₂-GO composite was prepared with aqueous ammonia functionalized graphene oxide (NH₂-GO). The composite was characterized by SEM, Zeta potential, XPS, Raman spectrum, XRD, HPLC, DSC and BAM sensitivity test. The results indicated that the functionalization with aqueous ammonia can enhance the interaction between GO and HMX, and more efficiently desensitize the explosive. The optimal impact sensitivity of the HMX/NH₂-GO composite can be not less than 40 J, which is also the most insensitivity compared to the previous reports prepared by coating desensitization with non-energetic desensitized material. Moreover, the potential reason for the different impact and friction sensitivity was also discussed, which may bring a novel perspective to achieve the desensitization of energetic material.