俄罗斯高超声速武器发展简析

高超声速武器研发是主要军事大国激烈竞争的重要领域,研发一旦取得成功,往往会产生颠覆性的军事博弈效应。俄罗斯高超声速武器的研发工作起源于苏联时期,经过数十年发展,已在高超声速助推滑翔武器和高超声速巡航导弹两个领域取得了突破,在全球处于领先地位。本文基于公开资料,简要回顾了俄罗斯高超声速助推滑翔武器和高超声速巡航导弹两类高超声速武器的发展历程,介绍了俄罗斯已经或即将服役的数种高超声速武器装备型号,分析了俄罗斯发展高超声速武器的战略动因与发展思路,总结了俄罗斯高超声速武器发展成果在各个领域与层次产生的多重影响,并指出了俄罗斯高超声速武器发展在研究资源投入、战斗力生成、作战体系构建等方面面临的矛盾与问题。     

美国高超声速武器发展现状与得失简析

高超声速武器是世界各大军事强国进行科技攻关和装备发展的重要领域.美国是世界上最早开展高超声速武器研究的国家之一,在高超声速武器发展历史上曾长期居于领先地位.然而近年来,美国在高超声速武器领域疲态渐露,多个重点项目出现严重节点滞后,试验事故频发,以至于在高超声速助推滑翔武器和高超声速巡航导弹两大技术方向上均陷入了被其他国...     

发展中的高超声速武器及其战略意义

速度是武器系统的一项重要指标,高超声速武器技术是武器技术发展中的一个重要里程碑,是自隐身技术问世以来在军事技术方面最重要的进展。高超声速武器将成为未来空天力量对抗中至关重要的武器,对于未来战争的作战模式、作战过程及战争结局将产生重大影响。目前,军事大国和一些发达国家都已制定了一系列高超声速武器发展计划,研究与试验工作也取得了重大进展。     

高超声速巡航导弹的潜在用途与作战概念设想

随着高超声速技术的不断发展,高超声速武器实战化进程也即将来临。立足于高超声速巡航导弹对"时敏目标"的作战样式,总结了其作战特点和潜在用途,重点研究提出了可遥控高超声速巡航导弹作战概念设想,拓展了高超声速巡航导弹未来作战样式。     

世界各国高超声速武器发展现状

高超声速武器是高技术武器装备,也是当今世界主要国家尤其是军事大国武器装备发展的重点。在这一领域,美国的发展独占鳌头,在高超声速导弹、高超声速飞机和空天飞机等方面研究拥有较强优势,并提出了全方位高超声速武器和先进航天器研制计划。其他国家,如俄罗斯、法国、日本以及印度等国也都积极开展高超声速武器装备的研究。     

临近空间武器对预警探测制导技术的挑战

临近空间进攻武器具有速度快、射程远、机动性强的特点,对未来空天安全构成重大威胁.简要综述了国内外临近空间武器的发展现状、主要特点及特性,包括高超声速巡航导弹和高速滑翔弹头两大主要威胁,从预警探测和探测制导的角度,指出了预警探测制导技术在应对临近空间进攻武器上面临的严峻挑战,提出了对其关键技术和技术途径的几点思考.     

临近空间高超声速飞行GNC技术与前景展望

临近空间飞行器利用临近空间独特的环境特点,采用升力体构型,基于助推滑翔式弹道,实现高超声速滑翔和机动,极具发展潜力.本文介绍了临近空间高超声速飞行器的发展历程,根据其飞行的特点,分析了临近空间高超声速飞行所需的高精度GNC技术,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

高超声速滑翔目标拦截弹方案设计与弹道规划北大核心

针对高超声速滑翔目标的拦截问题,分析了拦截窗口、拦截方式以及毁伤方式等拦截问题,并提出了拦截弹总体方案及弹道规划需求;开展了拦截弹总体方案设计,设计了一种两级助推的拦截弹方案,确定了推进系统、操纵系统的总体基本参数,并完成了拦截弹气动外形设计与质心定位;构建了拦截弹弹道规划的分析方法和工具,根据设计约束开展了针对HTV-2高超声速滑翔目标的拦截弹道规划研究,采用粒子群算法对弹道进行了求解。结果表明:采用空基拦截的方式可达到预期的最大拦截速度,满足拦截弹拦截滑翔武器的速度约束指标;此外开展了该拦截弹拦截概率评估,确定了针对高超声速滑翔目标可采用分层防御的方式从多个拦截站依次拦截。     

稠密大气中高超声速导引头红外成像面临的机遇、挑战与对策

高超声速飞行器的发展将给世界军事变革带来重大影响,进而形成全球军事强国新的空天对抗焦点。在此背景下,高超声速武器与集光、机、电为一体的红外成像制导技术的结合,将形成各种远程高超声速红外成像制导的精确打击武器,实现飞得快而且打得准,进而更加充分地发挥高超声速武器的威力。但是,稠密大气中高超声速导引头红外成像面临着较为严重的气动光学效应,严重制约了红外成像制导技术在高超声速武器中的应用。重点分析了红外成像制导技术在高超声速武器精确打击中的应用前景,指出了该技术发展可能遇到的主要技术难点,提出了一些可供参考的解决方法。     

即将登场的高超声速武器

近年来，随着科学技术的不断发展，高超声速燃烧冲压发动机技术取得了重大突破，高超声速技术已经取得了重大进展，各国的高超声速巡航导弹、高超声速飞机和跨大气层飞行器已经进入了先期技术演示阶段，高超声速战已经不再是神话。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.