多波段隐身兼容中的几个矛盾问题的分析

多波段隐身兼容是隐身技术发展的方向,但是每增加一个隐身内容或波段,都对隐身兼容的实现增加很大的难度。分析了多波段隐身兼容技术中存在的几个矛盾问题,包括1 06μm激光隐身与近红外隐身兼容的矛盾、主被动毫米波隐身兼容的矛盾、10 6μm激光与8～14μm热红外隐身兼容的矛盾,同时探讨了解决这些矛盾问题的方法。     

空地ARM红外辐射特性研究

深入研究反辐射导弹的红外辐射特征,并建立其红外辐射简化模型.以导弹蒙皮、发动机尾喷管及尾喷焰作为导弹的主要红外辐射源,计算某型反辐射导弹在3μm～5μm和8 μm～12μm波段在不同方向上的红外辐射强度,并针对计算结果进行了分析,可为红外告警系统探测反辐射导弹提供一定理论依据.     

红外脉冲强光辐射产生技术研究

定向红外脉冲强光辐射技术是定向红外对抗中的关键技术,主要用来破坏敌方精确制导武器或C4I系统的红外传感器。本文进行了三种产生技术的研究,即爆炸激励惰性气体,多丝电爆激励惰性气体和多点同步爆燃药物。在同步爆燃产生技术的研究中,当有效载荷弹药为0.2kg时,在距离源50m处得到三个波段(1～3、3～5、8～12μm)的辐射强度为(2.00～3.55)×l05W／Sr,脉冲半高宽为约20ms的强红外辐射脉冲。     

反空空导弹的导引头研究

从反空空导弹的导引头对空空导弹的最大探测距离方面论述了其不适宜采用雷达导引头的原因,并指出了反空空导弹可采用红外导引头来跟踪空空导弹的可能性。同时又分析了空空导弹的红外辐射特性,说明了反空空导弹红外导引头探测器响应工作波段应为3μm～5μm。     

Ni-Co-P／导电聚苯胺复合材料电磁和红外性能

采用化学镀对高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺（PANI/HClO4）粉体进行Ni-Co-P合金化改性,改性材料磁损耗因子得到提高。进行红外光谱分析,PANI/HClO4在3-5μm和8-14μm 2个大气窗口没有强吸收峰,具有雷达红外隐身兼容特性。     

基于包膜铝粉的低明度低发射率涂层制备及其应用

针对车辆等装备的低温热源部位红外隐身受限于红外特性屏蔽与可见光隐身特性兼容的难点，提出了一种基于包膜铝粉技术的低明度低发射率涂层制备方法。首先，利用油酸刻蚀包膜铝粉，显著降低了铝粉的明度，同时不影响其发射率性能；然后，利用包膜铝粉与玻璃微珠、红外透明颜料、树脂等相结合，成功制备了明度低于38、8～12μm发射率低于0.48的红外隐身涂层，并将该涂层应用于车辆轮毂以及舰船模型的喷涂。结果表明：该方法所制备的涂层在显著降低目标亮度的同时，还能有效屏蔽目标的红外辐射特性，达到良好的光学与红外兼容隐身效果，可用于车辆等装备的低温热源部位红外隐身。     

ZnGeP2 OPO产生4.3 μm波段窄线宽激光实验研究

为了设计4. 3μm波段大功率窄线宽中红外激光器,开展了2. 7μm激光抽运ZnGeP_2晶体光参量振荡(Optical Parametric Oscillation,OPO)技术产生4. 3μm波段窄线宽激光实验研究,对实验结果开展了详细的分析。抽运源为1064 nm抽运的KTiOPO_4OPO激光器输出的2. 7μm波段参量激光,KTiOPO_4OPO采用单谐振结构,将两块相同的KTiOPO_4晶体光轴相向放置以补偿走离效应,KTiOPO_4晶体按Ф=0°、θ=62°切割以获得波长2. 7μm波段激光输出,采用Ⅱ(B)类相位匹配(o→o+e)以利用较大的非线性系数。ZnGeP_2OPO采用单谐振结构,采用Ⅱ(B)类相位匹配(o→o+e)以获得窄线宽输出,ZnGeP_2晶体按Ф=0°、θ=68°切割以获得波长4. 3μm波段激光输出。在抽运光波长2. 7μm,脉冲能量为7. 5 m J,脉宽8. 6 ns的条件下,获得脉冲能量2. 12 m J,线宽30 nm,脉宽8. 7 ns的4. 26μm激光输出,光-光转换效率约为28. 3%,斜效率约为32. 6%,水平和垂直方向的光束质量M~2分别为6. 2和13. 5。     

土黄色红外伪装涂层的制备及应用

钛铬黄颜料是一种高近红外反射颜料,能够通过增加近红外波段的反射率降低目标的表面温度,弱化目标的红外辐射强度。从颜料的基本性能、涂层的光谱特性和涂层的红外辐射强度3个方面探究高近红外反射颜料在红外隐身涂层中的应用价值。结果表明:钛铬黄颜料在近红外波段的反射率优于铁黄颜料,其近红外平均反射率为99.87%;当颜料的质量分数为20%,钛铬黄涂层的近红外反射率最大,其值为68.69%。通过太阳光照射模拟实验表明,钛铬黄涂层的红外辐射强度较铁黄涂层降低了12.8%,将钛铬黄颜料用于红外隐身涂层能够有效降低目标的红外辐射强度,利于目标达到红外隐身的目的。     

高发射率远红外涂料的理论分析与实验研究

运用分子振动光谱、红外涂层模型和红外吸收系数迭加性等理论,对所选择的粘合剂、颜料和填料及其配制成的远红外涂料进行了详细的实验研究。结果表明,该种涂料是一种在8～12μm波段具有较强吸收性能的远红外涂料。     

超连续谱激光光源研究进展

高非线性光纤制造技术的成熟和光纤激光器性能的提升,极大地促进了超连续谱光源的快速发展,以光纤为非线性介质的超连续谱的产生成为当前研究热点。从可见光、近红外和中红外3个不同波段,综述了超连续谱产生的技术方案与最新进展。当前,可见光和近红外波段的超连续谱光源输出功率已经突破百瓦量级,并出现了多芯光子晶体光纤、光纤放大器和随机光纤激光器产生超连续谱等众多新方案;以氟化物光纤和亚碲酸盐光纤为非线性介质的中红外超连续谱,输出功率也突破了十瓦量级;在光谱拓展方面,以硫系光纤为非线性介质的超连续谱,输出光谱已扩展到12μm以上。     

一维光子晶体反射镜的光学能带结构

运用传递矩阵方法计算了作为反射镜的碲化铅/冰晶石一维光子晶体的光学能带结构,并研究了其禁带和相对带隙宽度随晶格周期和碲化铅的填充因子的变化。     

激光武器对红外导引头的软破坏研究

针对舰载激光武器破坏反舰导弹的问题,研究了激光对红外制导反舰导弹导引头的软破坏。以激光辐照红外探测器为例,建立了舰载激光武器对红外制导反舰导弹探测器的破坏模型,计算了1.06μm激光海上大气传输的大气透过率,进行了0.632μm激光辐照CCD成像系统的实验,估算了对远距离红外制导反舰导弹探测器实现有效破坏所需发射的激光能量,得出了一些有价值的数据和结论。     

基于红外辐射计的物体光谱发射率测量方法

发射率是测量红外辐射特性中的重要参数,直接影响测量的精度。在传统的能量法测发射率的基础上进行改进,利用红外辐射计MR170测量目标的光谱辐射亮度并在同一温度相同波段下建立一标准黑体模型,对目标光谱发射率进行求解。实验验证该方法可以获得满意的测量结果。对实验求取的光谱发射率进行误差分析,结果显示误差小于3%。     

Confidence intervals for ranked means

Suppose that observations from populations π₁, …, π_k (k ≥ 1) are normally distributed with unknown means μ₁., μ_k, respectively, and a common known variance σ². Let μ_[1] μ … ≤ μ_[k] denote the ranked means. We take n independent observations from each population, denote the sample mean of the n observation from π₁ by X _i (i = 1, …, k), and define the ranked sample means X _[1] ≤ … ≤ X _[k]. The problem of confidence interval estimation of μ₍₁₎, …,μ_[k] is stated and related to previous work (Section 1). The following results are obtained (Section 2). For i = 1, …, k and any γ(0 < γ < 1) an upper confidence interval for μ_[i] with minimal probability of coverage γ is (? ∞, X _[i]+ h) with h = (σ/n^1/2) Φ^?1(γ^1/k-i+1), where Φ(·) is the standard normal cdf. A lower confidence interval for μ_[i] with minimal probability of coverage γ is (X _i[i] – g, + ∞) with g = (σ/n^1/2) Φ^?1(γ^1/i). For the upper confidence interval on μ_[i] the maximal probability of coverage is 1– [1 – γ^1/k-i+1]ⁱ, while for the lower confidence interval on μ_[i] the maximal probability of coverage is 1–[1– γ^1/i] ^k-i+¹. Thus the maximal overprotection can always be calculated. The overprotection is tabled for k = 2, 3. These results extend to certain translation parameter families. It is proven that, under a bounded completeness condition, a monotone upper confidence interval h(X ₁, …, X _k) for μ_[i] with probability of coverage γ(0 < γ < 1) for all μ = (μ_[1], …,μ_[k]), does not exist.     

Investigation on the influence of the initial RDX crystal size on the performance of shaped charge warheads

Copper lined wave shaped shaped charges of particular design and liner metallurgy were used to investigate the effect of explosive crystal size on the resultant shaped charge jet parameters. Composition A3 with RDX of three different average crystal sizes, i.e. 30 μm, 100 μm and 300 μm were used in the investigation. All other parameters in the charge were kept constant and in particular, care was given to obtain consistent dimensional quality and liner microstructure, in order to prohibit the variation of other parameters. Specific flash-X-ray diagnostics were used in field tests to obtain the jet parameters from multiple firings of similar charges. It is found that the varying crystal size of the RDX has a marginal influence in the total jet length of the jets. However, it is also found that there is less variation between firings in the jet parameters for jets from the charges loaded with the crystal size of 100 μm.     

喷丸强化对18Cr2Ni4WA渗碳钢性能的影响

采用强力喷丸工艺对渗碳18Cr2Ni4WA钢试样进行了表面喷丸强化处理。利用Nano Test 600纳米测试仪、2903X射线应力仪和TR200表面粗糙度仪，分别测试分析了试样处理前后的显微硬度、残余应力和表面粗糙度，并在JP-52接触疲劳试验机上考察了喷丸强化处理对渗碳18Cr2Ni4WA钢接触疲劳性能的影响。试验结果表明：渗碳试样经强力喷丸后，在0～0．50mm深的表层内形成一个喷丸硬化层，显微硬度提高了约1．1GPa；最大残余压应力由-478 MPa提高到-760 MPa；表面粗糙度由1．255μm降为0．979μm。接触疲劳特征寿命以与中值寿命L50均提高了2倍多，额定寿命L10提高了1倍多。     

Effect of microstructure on short pulse duration shock initiation of TATB and initial response mechanism

Micro-TATB particles with different sizes and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures with different specific surface areas were prepared through recrystallization to study short pulse duration shock initiation properties by electric gun technology. For micro-TATB, the initiation threshold significantly decreases with TATB average size ranging from 79.7 μm to 0.5 μm. For 3D nanoporous TATB architecture, the initiation threshold decreases and then increases with specific surface areas increased from 9.6 m²/g to 36.2 m²/g. The lowest initiation thresholds are obtained for the micro-TATB with average sizes of 1.3 μm and 0.5 μm, and 3D nanoporous TATB architecture with specific surface area of 22.4 m²/g. The shock initiation thresholds of micro-TATB and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures show significantly decreases with the porosity increased. The decomposition reaction and thermal conductivity properties were further investigated to understand the initial response mechanism. High porosity provides more collapse sites to generate high temperature for formation of hot spots. The low thermal conductivity and decomposition temperature could enhance the formation and ignition of the hot spots, and initial decomposition reaction of TATB. The effect of the decomposition temperature is higher than that of the thermal conductivity on the shock initiation properties. The enhanced decomposition reaction could promote energy release and transfer process from the ignition to the combustion. This work offers a new insight to understand the effects of microstructure on the shock initiation properties and the initial response mechanism of TATB.     

Research on fuze microswitch based on corona discharge effect

Abnormal voltages such as electrostatic, constant current, and strong electromagnetic signals can erro-neously trigger operation of MEMS pyrotechnics and control systems in a fuze, which may result in casualties. This study designs a solid-state micro-scale switch by combining the corona gas discharge theory of asymmetric electric fields and Peek's Law. The MEMS switch can be transferred from "off" to"on" through the gas breakdown between the corona electrodes. In the model, one of the two electrodes is spherical and the other flat, so a non-uniform electric field is formed around the electrodes. The theoretical work is as follows. First, the relation among the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode, the discharge gap, and the air breakdown voltage is obtained; to meet the low voltage (30-60 V) required to drive the MEMS switch, the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode needs to be 10-50 μm and the discharge gap between the two electrodes needs to be 9-11 μm. Second, the optimal ratio ε is introduced to parameterize the model. Finally, the corona discharge structural parameters are determined by comparing the theoretical and electric field simulation results. The switch is then fabricated via MEMS processing. A hardware test platform is built and the performing chip tested. It is found that when the electrode gap is 9 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 37.3 V, with an error of 2.6% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. When the electrode gap is 11 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 42.3 V, with an error of 10.5% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. Both cases meet the design requirements.     

SFPB处理的38CrSi钢表面纳米化层微观结构特征

采用超音速轰击技术（Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding，SFPB）对调质态合金钢38CrSi进行表面纳米化处理，在材料表面制备了纳米结构表层；利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜等分析技术研究了表面纳米层的微观结构特征。结果表明：经SFPB处理后，材料表层发生了严重的塑性变形，表面形成了晶粒尺寸约为15nm的纳米结构层，微观应变约为0．19％；表面纳米层的厚度约为20μm（晶粒尺寸〈100nm），纳米晶粒的尺寸随着距表面距离的增加而增大；在距表面40μm的范围内，高密度的位错墙和位错缠结将晶粒分为了尺寸为200～400nm的胞块结构，分析表明表面纳米化主要是位错运动的结果。     

Light weight HTPB-clay nanocomposites(HCN)with enhanced ablation performance as inhibition materials for composite propellant

In the present study,organically modified Montmorillonite clay with polar moiety,the Cloisite 30B,is used for preparation of Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-clay nanocomposites(HCN)by dispersion of nanoclay in polymer matrix under high shear mixing.The nanocomposites thus prepared are evaluated in composite propellants as inhibitor material for their functional utility.Several inhibition formulations containing 5 wt％-15 wt％of nanoclay,with or without the conventional filler Sb2O3,were prepared.All these formulations were evaluated for their physical,mechanical,thermal,and ablative properties.Ablation rate and density of the compositions containing Cloisite 30B is around 23％and 5％lower respectively in comparison of the base composition.Strain capability of these compositions is twofold higher than that of base composition.These compositions have also been evaluated for their smoke generation tendency by measuring infra red(IR)attenuation in the wavelength range 1.3 μm-5.6 μm and 8 μm-13 μm and thereby compared with the base composition.The corresponding results confirmed that the compositions containing Cloisite 30B as filler have much lower IR attenuation than compositions with conventional filler,Sb2O3.Replacement of 5％Sb2O3 by nanoclay showed 8％reduction in IR attenuation rate which further reduced to 16％on replacement of 15％of Sb2O3.Interfacial bonding of HCN based inhibitors is also comparable or even better than conventional inhibitors.Precisely,the nanoclay composites with Cloisite 30B as filler exhibit all desirable properties of an inhibitor.