捷联式惯性导航系统误差处理技术的新进展

捷联式惯性导航系统误差处理的研究在近年来取得很大进展 ,相继出现了一些新思想、新算法、新技术。首先对捷联惯导系统误差模型的研究现状作了系统总结 ,然后对捷联式系统姿态算法和误差处理技术进行了归纳和分析 ,重点介绍了近期出现的几种新技术 ,最后提出了捷联惯导系统误差处理技术的研究方向。     

捷联式惯导系统动态误差特性研究

根据载体运动状态下捷联惯性导航系统 (SINS)的误差方程时变的特点 ,推导出捷联惯性导航系统动态误差模型 ,并对其在几种动态环境下的误差特性进行了仿真研究 ,结果表明 :与静态误差特性相比 ,捷联式惯导系统的动态误差特性发生了较大的变化。     

惯性定向定位/导航技术及发展概况

阐述了惯性导航、陀螺罗经定向工作原理和捷联惯性导航的计算问题,以及GPS的有关情况。最后,预测捷联惯性系统和GPS 组合将成为航空、航海和陆地车辆导航定位的主要装置。     

激光陀螺及其应用展望

激光陀螺捷联式惯性导航系统在航空、航天和航海领域中正在开始被采用。本文对激光陀螺的主要优点及应用展望作一粗略介绍。着重谈如下三个方面的情况,即斯佩里公司研制的船用火控系统姿态基准MK16MO d 11稳定元件,用于空对地战术导弹中段制导的SLIC-151MU惯性测量装置,以及霍尼韦尔公司研制的用于飞机的LINS激光陀螺惯性导航系统。通过这些系统的介绍可以看出,对捷联式惯导来说激光陀螺所具有的一些独特优点,以及在其它领域中的一些良好应用前景。     

捷联惯性+星光修正组合导航研究

针对捷联惯性导航系统的初始对准误差所造成的导航误差,提出了捷联惯性+星光修正组合导航方案。利用光学导引头得到的星体观测值,估计初始对准误差,进而修正捷联惯性导航的姿态角、速度和位置。推导了捷联惯性+星光修正组合导航算法,得到了初始对准误差的估计公式和速度、位置的修正矩阵,并通过仿真分析证实了方案的可行性和算法的有效性。     

高超声速巡航飞行器中制导研究

通过分析目前应用较为普遍的几种组合导航方式,针对高超声速巡航飞行器,提出了采用捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)/GPS/天文导航系统(CNS)组合导航作为其中段制导方案,并利用四元数法进行捷联惯性导航计算,运用联邦滤波方法对组合导航进行了仿真,仿真结果表明该方案行之有效。     

一种倾斜发射导弹的捷联惯导系统初始姿态确定方法

本文给出了一种倾斜发射导弹的捷联惯性导航系统四元数初值的确定方法,推导了工程化的四元数初值计算公式。     

惯性/GPS/EMC组合导航系统可视化仿真

提出了低成本惯性/GPS/EMC组合导航系统可视化仿真器的设计方案.根据捷联惯导算法和卡尔曼滤波原理,仿真器能模拟纯惯性导航、组合导航及纯数字仿真、半实物仿真等多种导航模式,绘制导航参数和误差曲线;可灵活设置航路点,系统自动生成航行轨迹,在电子地图中动态显示航迹和导航参数.仿真器为捷联姿态矩阵算法和导航算法提供验证数据源,为组合导航系统性能的研究提供可视化平台.实际应用表明,仿真器性能可靠,能极大地减少组合导航系统研究开发成本.     

“阿波罗”宇宙飞船无平台惯性系统特性的测量和预报

在包括有陀螺稳定平台组成的稳定、控制和导引的主要系统的同时,“阿波罗”宇宙飞船的登月舱还备有应急的无平台惯性系统。此控制系统的研制开始于1964年。1969年3月在“阿波罗一9号”宇宙飞船飞行时,无平台惯性系统曾进行了考验。这次飞行是在未来的捷联式惯性导航系统设计道路上重要的一步。曾表演了无平台惯性系统的工作效能,并消除了对在飞行器机动时这种系统准确性的怀疑。在这次和以后几次的飞行中,证实了这种导航系统误差的分析方法和所运用的设计原理的正确性。     

载体姿态角与SINS位置误差的关系研究

为了研究载体姿态角对捷联惯导系统位置误差的影响,建立了静基座捷联式惯导系统的力学编排及误差方程,并通过仿真实验研究了载体在不同姿态角条件下捷联式惯导系统的经度误差随时间的变化规律。仿真实验结果表明:载体姿态角对捷联式惯导系统的经度积累误差影响较大,在[0°,5°]范围内,载体航向角对经度误差漂移的影响最大,载体横滚角次之,载体俯仰角最小。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.