通信侦察中基于神经网络的伪码序列估计

针对直接序列扩频通信信号伪噪声(PN)码的干扰侦察问题,在已知信号伪码参数的前提下对直扩信号进行特征分析,用基于变步长的PCA神经网络方法来实现伪码序列的盲估计。该方法利用基于Hebb学习规则的无监督多主分量神经网络,结合自适应变步长学习算法,在估计在线特征值的基础上来控制步长的变化,以使神经网络最终达到较好的稳态收敛。理论分析和仿真结果表明,本方法能在较低信噪比的情况下对较长伪码进行准确的估计。     

FRFT与时域联合处理的欺骗干扰抑制方法北大核心

针对斜率抖动线性调频(SVLFM)脉冲压缩雷达受假目标欺骗信号干扰的问题,提出一种分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)滤波和时域联合处理的欺骗干扰抑制方法。通过分数阶傅里叶变换将欺骗干扰信号中与回波信号调频率相差较大的干扰分量进行滤波处理,对滤波后信号进行分数阶傅里叶反变换到时域后,利用相同调频率的LFM信号经加窗脉冲压缩后,最大幅值与窗函数宽度成线性关系,而不同调频率的最大幅值不随窗函数宽度变化的特点,进一步将与回波信号调频率相近的干扰分量进行区分。最后通过仿真验证了低信干比条件下,该方法能够有效滤除多分量假目标欺骗干扰信号,正确检测目标回波信号。     

FRFT与时域联合处理的欺骗干扰抑制方法

针对斜率抖动线性调频(SVLFM)脉冲压缩雷达受假目标欺骗信号干扰的问题,提出一种分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)滤波和时域联合处理的欺骗干扰抑制方法。通过分数阶傅里叶变换将欺骗干扰信号中与回波信号调频率相差较大的干扰分量进行滤波处理,对滤波后信号进行分数阶傅里叶反变换到时域后,利用相同调频率的LFM信号经加窗脉冲压缩后,最大幅值与窗函数宽度成线性关系,而不同调频率的最大幅值不随窗函数宽度变化的特点,进一步将与回波信号调频率相近的干扰分量进行区分。最后通过仿真验证了低信干比条件下,该方法能够有效滤除多分量假目标欺骗干扰信号,正确检测目标回波信号。     

局部最大延迟检测抗转发欺骗干扰算法

接收机在进行窄带干扰抑制后,其输出信号的相关峰会发生分裂。使用传统的基于信号到达时间的抗转发欺骗干扰算法,会使得捕获锁定的相关值为真实信号的旁瓣。针对该问题提出一种基于局部相关值最大的时延检测方法,在真实信号相关峰分裂所产生的旁瓣与欺骗信号不重合前提下,通过对主瓣三个码片范围内最大值的搜索,保证捕获不会锁定在旁瓣,再选择局部最大值中的最早码相位点从而避免锁定到转发欺骗干扰。与传统的基于信号到达时间的抗转发欺骗干扰算法相比,在无窄带干扰情况下,所提算法性能相当;在存在窄带干扰情况下,其性能明显优于传统算法。通过数值仿真验证了方法的有效性。     

基于盲源分离的抗密集假目标干扰技术研究

密集假目标干扰会严重影响雷达检测目标的性能。针对此问题,提出一种基于盲源分离的密集假目标抗干扰的方法。该方法可有效从密集欺骗式假目标中检测出目标回波信号,并分析比较了JADE和Fast ICA两种盲源分离方法对密集欺骗式假目标和回波信号的分离效果。理论分析和仿真结果表明:JADE盲源分离较Fast ICA盲源分离抗密集假目标干扰较更有效。     

一种雷达主瓣欺骗干扰抑制算法北大核心

针对单通道雷达受到主瓣干扰,提出了一种基于多周期采样的抗主瓣干扰方法。首先针对距离密集假目标欺骗干扰,建立了基于多脉冲重复间隔(paulse repeat interval)采样的抗主瓣欺骗干扰模型并对其可行性进行证明,然后对信号源个数进行估计,最后借助提出的盲源分离方法将干扰信号与目标回波信号分离,达到抗干扰效果。理论分析和仿真表明,该方法具有较好的分离效果及干扰抑制能力。     

一种雷达主瓣欺骗干扰抑制算法

针对单通道雷达受到主瓣干扰,提出了一种基于多周期采样的抗主瓣干扰方法。首先针对距离密集假目标欺骗干扰,建立了基于多脉冲重复间隔(paulse repeat interval)采样的抗主瓣欺骗干扰模型并对其可行性进行证明,然后对信号源个数进行估计,最后借助提出的盲源分离方法将干扰信号与目标回波信号分离,达到抗干扰效果。理论分析和仿真表明,该方法具有较好的分离效果及干扰抑制能力。     

基于微多普勒特征的欺骗干扰识别

为了提高雷达的抗干扰能力,提出了一种基于微多普勒特征的欺骗干扰识别方法,为雷达选择抗干扰措施提供了先验知识。首先建立了目标回波和干扰信号的数学模型,分析了二者微多普勒频率的差异。其次利用Viterbi算法和FFT谱分析对信号的特征参数进行了提取。最后,定义了识别目标和干扰的特征因子,并根据特征因子设定阈值对目标回波和欺骗干扰进行识别。仿真结果验证了算法的正确性和稳定性,与理论分析一致,表明该方法能够在较低的信噪比环境下对欺骗干扰进行检测识别。     

一种低信噪比下的伪码快速捕获算法

传统的伪码捕获算法消耗时间长且在低信噪比条件下伪码捕获虚警率高,针对该问题,提出了一种低信噪比条件下的伪码快速捕获算法。该算法首先利用快速傅里叶变换完成信号相干积累,然后根据频率进行门限判决,从而捕获相应的时域伪码。仿真实验结果表明：该算法可减少伪码捕获时间,降低伪码捕获的虚警概率。     

(2015卫星导航)局部最大延迟检测抗转发欺骗干扰算法

存在窄带干扰情况下,接收机在进行干扰抑制后,其输出信号的相关峰会发生分裂,使用传统的基于信号传输时延的抗转发欺骗干扰方法,会使得捕获锁定的相关值在真实信号的旁瓣。针对该问题提出了一种基于局部相关值最大的信号时延检测方法,在真实信号相关峰分裂产生的旁瓣与欺骗信号不重合前提下,通过对两个码片范围内最大值的搜索,保证捕获不会锁定在旁瓣,再通过选择局部最大值中最早码相位点来避免锁定到转发欺骗干扰。与传统的方法相比,在无窄带干扰情况下,其与基于信号传输时延的抗转发欺骗干扰方法性能相当,在存在窄带干扰情况下其性能明显优于传统的基于信号传输时延的抗转发欺骗干扰方法。通过数值仿真验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.